Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:00:29.264Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Importance of Personal Relationships in Kantian Moral Theory: A Reply to Care Ethics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2020

Abstract

Care ethicists have long insisted that Kantian moral theory fails to capture the partiality that ought to be present in our personal relationships. In her most recent book, Virginia Held claims that, unlike impartial moral theories, care ethics guides us in how we should act toward friends and family. Because these actions are performed out of care, they have moral value for a care ethicist. The same actions, Held claims, would not have moral worth for a Kantian because of the requirement of impartiality. Although Kantian moral theory is an impartial theory, I argue that the categorical imperative in the Formulation of Humanity as an End and the duty of respect require that we give special treatment to friends and family because of their relationships with us. Therefore, this treatment does have moral value for a Kantian.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baron, Marcia. 1991. Impartiality and friendship. Ethics 101 (4): 836–57.10.1086/293346CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, Marcia. 1995. Kantian ethics almost without apology. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Brake, Elizabeth. 2005. Justice and virtue in Kant's account of marriage. Kantian Review 9:5894.10.1017/S1369415400002004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bramer, Marilea. 2008. “Taking personal relationships seriously: The place of personal relationships in Kantian moral theory.” Ph.D. diss., University of Minnesota.Google Scholar
Cottingham, John. 1983. Ethics and impartiality. Philosophical Studies 43:8399.10.1007/BF01112524CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denis, Lara. 2001. From friendship to marriage: Revisiting Kant. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 58 (1): 128.10.1111/j.1933-1592.2001.tb00090.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Held, Virginia. 1987. Feminism and moral theory. In Women and moral theory, ed. Kittay, Eva Feder and Meyers, Diana T.New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Held, Virginia. 2006. The ethics of care: Personal, political, and global. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Herman, Barbara. 1993a. Could it be worth thinking about Kant on sex and marriage? In A mind of one's own: Feminist essays on reason and objectivity, ed. Antony, Louise M. and Witt, Charlotte. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Herman, Barbara. 1993b. The practice of moral judgment. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hill, Thomas E. Jr. 1991. Autonomy and self‐respect. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511609237CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, Thomas E Jr.. 1992. Dignity and practical reason in Kant's moral theory. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hill, Thomas E Jr.. 2002. Human welfare and moral worth. New York: Clarendon Press.10.1093/0199252637.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1993. Grounding for the metaphysics of morals. 3rd ed. Trans. James W. Ellington. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. Translation based on Karl Vorländer's German text (Leipzig, 1906) in Vol. III of the Philosophische Bibliothek edition of Kant's works and Paul Menzer's text as it appears in Vol. IV of the Königlich Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaft edition of Kant's work. Numbers in Kant citations refer to the page numbers of the Akademie text.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1996. The metaphysics of morals. Trans. Mary Gregor. New York: Cambridge University Press. Translated from the Königlich Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaft edition of Der metaphysic der sitten, Vol. VI. Numbers in the Kant citations refer to the page numbers of the Akademie text.10.1017/CBO9780511809644CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1997. Lectures on ethics, ed. Heath, Peter and Schneewind, J.B.Trans. Peter Heath. New York: Cambridge University Press. Numbers in the Kant citations refer to the page numbers of the German edition of Kant's works, Kant's gesammelte schrifte, Vol. XXVII, edited by the Königlich Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaft.10.1017/CBO9781107049512CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kekes, John. 1981. Morality and impartiality. American Philosophical Quarterly 18:295303.Google Scholar
Kneller, Jane. 2006. Kant on sex and marriage right. In The Cambridge companion to Kant and modern philosophy, ed. Guyer, Paul. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 447–76.Google Scholar
Louden, Robert. 2000. Kant's impure ethics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Manning, Rita. 1992. Speaking from the heart: A feminist perspective on ethics. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Manning, Rita. 2005. Toward a global politics of care. Presented at the Ethics Center of Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pa. October.Google Scholar
Miller, Sarah Clark. 2005. A Kantian ethic of care? In Feminist interventions in ethics and politics, ed. Andrew, Barbara, Keller, Jean, and Schwartzman, Lisa. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, pp. 110–27.Google Scholar
Noddings, Nel. 2002. Starting at home: Caring and social policy. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Noddings, Nel. 2003. Caring: A Feminine approach to ethics and moral education. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
O'Neill, Onora. 2002. Instituting principles: Between duty and action. In Kant's metaphysics of morals: Interpretive essays, ed. Timmons, Mark. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 331–47.Google Scholar
Paton, H.J. 1993. Kant on friendship. In Friendship: A philosophical reader, ed. Badhwar, Neera Kapur. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, pp. 133–54.Google Scholar
Stark, Cynthia. 1997. Decision procedures, standards of rightness, and impartiality. Nous 31 (4): 478–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tronto, Joan. 1993. Moral boundaries: A political argument for an ethic of care. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar