Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:55:06.331Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Critique of Normative Heterosexuality: Identity, Embodiment, and Sexual Difference in Beauvoir and Irigaray

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2020

Abstract

The distinction between heterosexuality and homosexuality does not allow for sufficient attention to be given to the question of non-normative heterosexualities. This paper develops a feminist critique of normative sexuality, focusing on alternative readings of sex and/or gender offered by Beauvoir and Irigaray. Despite their differences, both accounts contribute significantly to dismantling the lure of normative sexuality in heterosexual relations—a dismantling necessary to the construction of a feminist social and political order.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, Jeffner. 1989. An introduction to patriarchal existentialism: A proposal for a way out of existential patriarchy. In The thinking muse: Feminism and modem French philosophy, ed. Allen, Jeffner and Young, Iris Marion. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Allen, Jeffner. 1995. A response to a letter from Peg Simons, December 1993. In Feminist interpretations of Simone de Beauvoir, ed. Simons, Margaret A.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Bar On, Bat‐Ami. 1992. The feminist “sexuality debates” and the transformation of the political. Hypatia 7(4): 4558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Beauvoir, Simone. [1947] 1948. The ethics of ambiguity. Trans.Frechtman, B.New York: Philosophical Library.Google Scholar
de Beauvoir, Simone. [1949] 1952. The second sex. ed. and trans. Parshley, H. M.New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
de Beauvoir, Simone. 1981. From an interview by Alice Schwarzer. In New French feminisms, eds.Marks, Elaine and de Courtivron, Isabelle. New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
Bergoffen, Debra B. 1995. Out from under: Beauvoir's philosophy of the erotic. In Feminist interpretations of Simone de Beauvoir, ed. Simons, Margaret A.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Braidotti, Rosi. 1991. Patterns of dissonance: A study of women in contemporary philosophy. Trans.Guild, Elizabeth. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Braidotti, Rosi. 1994. Nomadic subjects: Embodiment and sexual difference in contemporary feminist theory. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Brennan, Teresa, ed. 1989. Between feminism and psychoanalysis. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bunch, Charlotte. 1987. Lesbian‐feminist theory. In Passionate politics: Feminist theory in action. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Butler, Judith. 1987. Variations on sex and gender: Beauvoir, Wittig and Foucault. In Feminism as critique: On the politics of gender, eds.Benhabib, Seyla and Cornell, Druscilla. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chanter, Tina. 1995. Ethics of eros: lrigaray's rewriting of the philosophers. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dallery, Arlene B. 1989. The politics of writing (the) body: Ecriture féminine. In Gender/body/knowledge, eds.Jaggar, Alison M. and Bordo, Susan R.New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
De Lauretis, Teresa. 1987. Technologies of gender. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietz, Mary G. 1992. Introduction: Debating Simone de Beauvoir. Signs 18(1): 7488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dworkin, Andrea. 1987. Intercourse. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Ann. 1984. Sex war: The debate between radical and libertarian feminists. Signs 10(1): 106–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, Ann. 1991. Sexual democracy: Women, oppression, and revolution. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1978. An Introduction: Volume 1 of the history of sexuality. Trans.Hurley, Robert. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1985. The use of pleasure: Volume 2 of the history of sexuality. Trans.Hurley, Robert. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1986. The care of the self: Volume 3 of the history of sexuality. Trans.Hurley, Robert. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Freud, Sigmund. 1933. Femininity. In The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, (22);112–35. London: The Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Fuss, Diana. 1989. Essentially speaking: Feminism, nature and difference. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Grosz, Elizabeth. 1990. Jacques Lacan: A feminist introduction. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosz, Elizabeth. 1993. Bodies and knowledges: Feminism and the crisis of reason. In Feminist Epistemologies, ed. Alcoff, Linda and Potter, Elizabeth. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Irigaray, Luce. [1974] 1985a. Speculum of the other woman. Trans.Gill, Gillian C.Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Irigaray, Luce. [1977] 1985b. This sex which is not one. Trans.Porter, Catherine with Burke, Carolyn. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irigaray, Luce. 1989. Le Temps de la différance: pour une révolution pacifique. Paris: Librarie Générate Françhise.Google Scholar
Irigaray, Luce. [1980] 1991. Marine lover of Friedrich Nietzsche. Trans.Gill, Gillian C.New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Irigaray, Luce. [1984] 1993a. An ethics of sexual difference. Trans.Burke, Carolyn and Gill, Gillian C.Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Irigaray, Luce. [1990] 1993b. Je, tu, nous: Toward a culture of difference. Trans.Martin, Alison. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Irigaray, Luce. [1987] 1993c. Sexes and genealogies. Trans.Gill, Gillian C.New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Jardine, Alice A. 1985. Gynesis: Configurations of woman and modernity. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kaplan, E. Ann. 1983. Women and film: Both sides of the camera. New York: Methuen.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klaw, Barbara. 1995. Sexuality in Beauvoir's Les Mandarins. In Feminist interpretations of Simone de Beauvoir, ed. Simons, Margaret A.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Kruks, Sonia. 1992. Gender and subjectivity: Simone de Beauvoir and contemporary feminism. Signs 18(1): 89110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruks, Sonia. 1995. Simone de Beauvoir: Teaching Sartre about freedom. In Feminist interpretations of Simone de Beauvoir, ed. Simons, Margaret A.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, and the école freudienne. [Feminine sexuality]. 1982. Ed Mitchell, Juliet and Rose, Jacqueline, trans. Rose, Jacqueline. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.Google Scholar
Murphy, Julien. 1995. Beauvoir and the Algerian War: Toward a postcolonial ethics. In Feminist interpretations of Simone de Beauvoir, ed. Simons, Margaret A.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Pilardi, Jo‐Ann. 1989. Female eroticism in the works of Simone de Beauvoir. In The thinking muse: Feminism and modem French philosophy, eds.Allen, Jeffner and Young, Iris Marion. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Rhode, Deborah L., ed. 1990. Theoretical perspectives on sexual difference. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Rubin, Gayle. 1984. Thinking sex: Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality. In Pleasure and danger: Exploring female sexuality, ed. Vance, Carole S.Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Sartre, Jean‐Paul. [1943] 1956. Being and nothingness. Trans.Barnes, Hazel E.New York: Philosophical Library.Google Scholar
Schutte, Ofelia. 1991. Irigaray on the problem of subjectivity. Hypatia 6(2): 6476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simons, Margaret A. 1992. Lesbian connections: Simone de Beauvoir and feminism. Signs 18(1): 136161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simons, Margaret A., ed. 1995a. Feminist interpretations of Simone de Beauvoir. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Simons, Margaret A. 1995b. The second sex: From Marxism to radical feminism. In Feminist interpretations of Simone de Beauvoir, ed. Simons, Margaret A.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Singer, Linda. 1990. Interpretation and retrieval: Rereading Beauvoir. In Hypatia reborn: Essays in feminist philosophy, eds.Al‐Hibri, Azizah Y. and Simons, Margaret A.Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Vance, Carole, ed. 1984. Pleasure and danger: Exploring female sexuality. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Weedon, Chris. 1987. Feminist practice and poststructuralist theory. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Weeks, Jeffrey. 1985. Sexuality and its discontents: Meanings, myths and modem sexualities. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Whitford, Margaret. 1989. Rereading Irigaray. In Between feminism and psychoanalysis, ed. Brennan, Teresa. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Whitford, Margaret ed 1991a. The Irigaray reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Whitford, Margaret. 1991b. Luce Irigaray: Philosophy in the feminine. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wittig, Monique. 1980. The straight mind. Feminist Issues 1(Summer): 103–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittig, Monique. 1981. One is not born a woman. Feminist Issues 1(Winter): 4754.Google Scholar
Wright, Elizabeth, ed. 1992. Feminism and psychoanalysis: A critical dictionary. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Young, Iris. 1990. Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Zerilli, Linda M. G. 1992. A process without a subject: Simone de Beauvoir and Julia Kristeva on maternity. Signs 18(1): 111–35.Google Scholar