Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T02:23:57.212Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Conceptions of Care: Altruism, Feminism, and Mature Care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2020

Tove Pettersen
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In “Conceptions of Care,” Tove Pettersen discusses and articulates select ways in which care can be comprehended. Several difficulties related to an altruistic understanding of care are examined before the author presents the case for a more favorable concept: mature care. Mature care is intended to take into account the interests of both parties to the caring relationship. This understanding of care facilitates the expression of the relational and reciprocal aspects of caring while emphasizing the equal worth of all involved. Also attended to is the embeddedness of care in wider cultural and political contexts.

Type
Open Issue Content
Information
Hypatia , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , Spring 2012 , pp. 366 - 389
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ariansen, Per. 2000. Dyr, omsorg og rettferdighet. In Dyreetikk, ed. Føllesdal, Andreas. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.Google Scholar
Beauvoir, Simone de. 1972. The second sex. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Beauvoir, Simone de. 1976. The ethics of ambiguity. New York: A Citadell Press book.Google Scholar
Beauvoir, Simone de. 2004. Pyrrhus and Cineas. In Simone de Beauvoir: Philosophical writings, ed. Simons, Margaret A., Timmermann, Marybeth, and Beth Mader, Mary. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Benner, Patricia. 1994. Caring as a way of knowing and not knowing. In The crisis of care: Affirming and restoring caring practices in the helping professions, ed. Phillips, Susan S. and Benner, Patricia. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Benner, Patricia. 2000. The roles of embodiment, emotion and lifeworld for rationality and agency in nursing practice. In Nursing Philosophy 1(1): 5–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blum, Lawrence A. 1980. Friendship, altruism, and morality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Bowden, Peta. 1997. Caring: Gender‐sensitive ethics. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chodorow, Nancy. 1978. The Reproduction of Mothering. Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Dalmiya, Vrinda. 2002. Why should a knower care? Hypatia 17(1): 34–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engster, Daniel. 2007. The heart of justice: Care ethics and political theory. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ericsson, Kjersti. 1998. Sexual harassment and the genderization of work. In Is there a Nordic feminism?, ed. von der Fehr, Drude, Jónasdottir, Ana G., and Rosenbeck, Bente. London: UCL Press.Google Scholar
Fine, Michael D. 2007. A caring society: Care and the dilemmas of human service in the 21st century. New York: Palgrave Macmillian.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foss, Øyvind. 2005. Omsorgsetikk: Søkelys på omsorgens motivasjon, Cappelen Akademiske.Google Scholar
Friedman, Marilyn. 1993. Beyond caring: The de‐moralization of gender. In An ethic of care: Feminist and interdisciplinary perspectives, ed. Jeanne Larrabee, Mary. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Friedman, Marilyn. 2000. Feminism in ethics. Conceptions of autonomy. In The Cambridge companion to feminism in philosophy, ed. Fricker, Miranda and Hornsby, Jennifer. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, Marilyn. 2004. Autonomy, social disruption, and women. In Feminist theory: A philosophical anthology, ed. Cudd, Anne E. and Andreasen, Robin O.Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Friedman, Marilyn, and Bolte, A. 2007. Ethics and feminism. In The Blackwell guide to feminist philosophy, ed. Martín Alcoff, Linda and Feder Kittay, Eva. Singapore: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1987. Moral orientation and moral development. In Women and moral theory, ed. Feder Kittay, Eva and Meyers, Diana T.Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1988. Moral development. In The modern American college: Responding to the new realities of diverse students and a changing society, Arthur. W. Chickering & Associates. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass Publishers.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1993. Reply to critics. In An ethic of care: Feminist and interdiciplinary perspectives, ed. Jeanne Larrabee, Mary. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol, Ward, Janie, McLean Taylor, Jill, and Bardige, Betty, eds. 1988. Mapping the moral domain. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Goodin, Robert E. 1985. Protecting the vulnerable: A reanalysis of our social responsibilities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Groenhout, Ruth E. 2003. I can't say no: Self‐sacrifice and the ethics of care. In Philosophy, feminism, and faith, ed. Groenhout, Ruth E. and Bower, Mary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Heggen, Kristin. 2000. Romantisering av sykepleiefaget (Romanticising the nursing profession). Uddannelsesnyt 11(3): 3–9.Google Scholar
Held, Virgina. 1993. Feminist morality: Transforming culture, society, and politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Held, Virgina. ed. 1995a. Justice and care: Essential readings in feminist ethics. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Held, Virgina. 1995b. The meshing of care and justice. Hypatia 10(2): 128–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Held, Virgina. 1998. Feminist transformations of moral theory. In Ethics: The big questions, ed. Sterba, James. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Held, Virgina. 2006. The ethics of care: Personal, political, and global. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hem, Marit Helene. 2008. Mature care? An empirical study of interaction between psychotic patients and psychiatric nurses. Oslo: Unipub.Google Scholar
Hem, Marit Helene, and Heggen, Kristin. 2004. Is compassion essential to nursing practice? Contemporary Nurse 17(1–2): 19–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoagland, Sarah Lucia. 1988. Lesbian ethics: Toward new value. Palo Alto, Calif.: Institute of Lesbian Studies.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hursthouse, Rosalind. 1991. Virtue theory and abortion. Philosophy and Public Affairs 20(3): 223–46.Google ScholarPubMed
Hursthouse, Rosalind. 1999. On virtue ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jaggar, Alison M. 2005. Saving Amina: Global justice for women and intercultural dialogue. In Real world justice, ed. Follesdal, Andreas and Pogge, Thomas. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.Google Scholar
Kittay, Eva. 1999. Love's labor: Essays on women, equality, and dependency. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Løgstrup, Knud E. 1999. Den etiske fordring. Oslo: Cappelen.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine A. 1987. Feminism unmodified. Discourses on life and law. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Martinsen, Kari. 1989. Omsorg, sykepleie og medinsin historisk‐filosofiske essays. Oslo: Tano.Google Scholar
Martinsen, Kari. 2000. Øyet og kallet. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.Google Scholar
Mayeroff, Milton. 1972. On caring. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Michaeli, Inga. 1995. Omsorg och rättvisa: ett dilemma. Gävle, Sweden: Meyers.Google Scholar
Narayan, Uma. 1995. Colonialism and its others: Considerations on rights and care discourse. Hypatia 10(2): 133–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noddings, Nel. 1984. Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Nortvedt, Per. 1996. Sensitive judgment: Nursing, moral philosophy, and an ethics of care. Oslo: Tano Aschehoug.Google Scholar
Okin, Susan Moller. 1979. Women in western political thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Okin, Susan Moller. 1989. Justice, gender, and the family. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Persad, Govind, Wertheimer, Alan, and Emanuel, Ezekiel. 2009. Principles for allocating of scarce medical interventions. Lancet 373(9661): 423–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettersen, Tove. 2004. Comprehending care: Problems and possibilities in Carol Gilligan's Ethics of Care. Oslo: Unipub.Google Scholar
Pettersen, Tove. 2008. Comprehending care: Problems and possibilities in the ethics of care. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Pettersen, Tove. 2010. Acting for others: Moral ontology in Beauvoir's Pyrrhus and Cineas. In Simone de Beauvoir Studies, vol. 26, 2009–2010. Menlo Park, Calif.: Simone de Beauvoir Society.Google Scholar
Pettersen, Tove. 2011. The ethics of care: Normative structures and empirical implications. Health care analysis. An international journal of health care philosophy and policy 19(1): 51–64. SpringerLink, Open Access. http://www.springerlink.com/content/w0l42n70p21p85v4/CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pettersen, Tove, and Helene Hem, Marit. 2011. Mature care and reciprocity: Two cases from acute psychiatry. Nursing ethics 18(2): 217–231. http://nej.sagepub.com/content/18/2/217/abstract.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, Fiona. 2006. Ethical globalization? States, corporations and the ethics of care. In Socializing care: Feminist ethics and public issues, ed. Hamington, Maurice and Miller, Dorothy C.Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Ruddick, Sara. 1989. Maternal thinking: Toward a politics of peace. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Sander‐Staudt, Maureen. 2006. The unhappy marriage of care ethics and virtue ethics. Hypatia 21(4): 21–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silvers, Anita. 1998. Disability. In A companion to feminist philosophy, ed. Jaggar, Alison M. and Marion Young, Iris. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Simons, Margaret A. 2009. Introduction. In Wartime diary, Simone de Beauvoir, ed. Simons, Margaret A. and Le Bon de Beauvoir, Sylvie. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Slote, Michael. 2007. The ethics of care and empathy. London and New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, Deborah. 2008. The Samaritan's dilemma: Should government help your neighbor? New York: Nations Books.Google Scholar
Tronto, Joan. 1993. Moral boundaries: A political argument for an ethics of care. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Tuckett, Anthony. 1999. Nursing practice: Compassionate deception and the good Samaritan. Nursing ethics 6(5): 383–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vetlesen, Arne Johan. 1994. Perception, empathy, and judgment: An inquiry into the preconditions of moral performance. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Waerness, Kari. 1984. Caring as women's work in the welfare state. In Patriarchy in a welfare society, ed. Holter, Harriet. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.Google Scholar
Waerness, Kari. 1989. Caring. In Changing patterns of European family life: A comparative analysis of 14 European countries, ed. Boh, K., Bak, M., Clason, C., Pankratova, M., Qvortrup, J., Sgritta, G., and Waerness, K.London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Walker, Margaret Urban. 1998. Moral understandings: A feminist study in ethics. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Walker, Margaret Urban. 2002. Morality in practice: A response to Claudia Card and Lorraine Code. Hypatia 17(1): 174–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, Nick, McKie, Linda, Hughes, Bill, Hopkins, Debra, and Gregory, Sue. 2004. (Inter)dependence, needs, and care: The potential for disability and feminist theorists to develop an emancipatory model. Sociology 38(2): 331–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Fiona. 2001. In and beyond new labour: Towards a new political ethics of care. Critical Social Policy 21(4): 467–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar