Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T06:04:30.311Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An Alternative to Pacifism? Feminism and Just-War Theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2020

Lucinda J. Peach
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Only rarely have feminist theorists addressed the adequacy of just-war theory, a set of/principles developed over hundreds of years to assess the justice of going to war and the morality of conduct in war. Recently, a few feminist scholars have found just-war theory inadequate, yet their own counterproposals are also deficient. I assess feminist contributions to just-war theorizingand suggest ways of strengthening, rather than abandoning, this moral approach to war.

Type
Research Article
Information
Hypatia , Volume 9 , Issue 2: Special Issue: Feminism and Peace , Spring 1994 , pp. 152 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alonso, Harriet. 1993. Peace as a women's issue: A history of the United States movement for world peace and women's rights. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Augustine, . 1984. City of God. Trans.Bettenson, Henry. London: Penquin Books.Google Scholar
Baxter, Sandra, and Lansing, Marjorie, ed. 1983. Women and politics: The visible majority. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Berkman, Joyce. 1990. Feminism, war, and peace politics: The case of World War I. In Women, militarism and war: Essays in history, politics and social theory, ed.Elshtain, Jean Bethke and Tobias, Sheila. Savage, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Branscombe, Nyla and Owen, Susan. 1993. Gun ownership among American women and its consequences for social judgment. In Women and the use of force. See Howes.Google Scholar
Brock‐Utne, Birgit, 1985. Educating for peace: A feminist perspective. New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Brock‐Utne, Birgit, Traylor, Julianne, and Solveign, Aas, eds. 1986. Women and Peace: A report from a conference. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute.Google Scholar
Cady, Duane. 1989. From warism to pacifism: A moral continuum. Philadelpha: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Chapkis, Wendy, ed. 1981. Loaded questions:Women in the military. Amsterdam: Transnational Press.Google Scholar
Code, Lorraine. 1991. Review essay: Will the ‘good enough’ feminists please stand up? Social Theory and Practice 17(10): 85–104.10.5840/soctheorpract199117117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Carol. 1989a. Sex and death in the rational world of defense intellectuals. In Feminist theory in practice and process, ed.Malson, Micheline, O'Barr, Jean, and Westphal‐Wihl, Susan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cohn, Carol. 1989b. Emasculating America's linguistic deterrent. In Rocking the ship of state: Toward a feminist peace politics, ed.Harris, Adrienne and King, Ynestra. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Costin, Lela. 1983. Feminism, pacifism, nationalism, and the United Nations Decade for Women. In Women and men's wars, ed.Stiehm, Judith. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Davis, G. Scott. 1987. Warcraft and the fragility of virtue. Soundings 70: 475–93.Google Scholar
DeCosse, David, ed. 1992. But was it just? Reflections on the morality of the Persian Gulf War. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 1985. Reflections on war and political discourse: Realism, just war, and feminism in a nuclear age. Political Theory 13(1): 39–57.10.1177/0090591785013001004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 1987. Women and war. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 1991a. Feminism and war. Progressive 55(9): 14–16.Google Scholar
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 1991b. Ethics in the women's movement. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 515: 126–39.10.1177/0002716291515001011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 1992. Just war and American politics. Christian Century 109(2): 41–44.Google Scholar
Gallagher, Nancy. 1993. The gender gap in popular attitudes toward the use of force. In Women and the use of force. See Howes.Google Scholar
Geyer, Alan. 1991. Just war and the burdens of history. Christian Century 108(5): 134–35.Google Scholar
Geyer, Alan, and Green, Barbara. 1992. Lies in the sand:Justice and the Gulf War. New York: Westminster/John Knox.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1977. Concept of the self and of morality. Harvard Educational Review 47(4): 481–517.10.17763/haer.47.4.g6167429416hg5l0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In A different voice: Psychological theory and women's devehpment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Grant, Rebecca. 1991. The sources of gender bias in international relations theory. In Gender and international relations. See Grant and Newland.Google Scholar
Grant, Rebecca and Newland, Rebecca. 1991. Gender and international relations. Bloomington: Indiana University.Google Scholar
Hartigan, Richard. 1966. Saint Augustine on war and killing: The problem of the innocent. Journal of the History of Ideas 27(2): 195–204.10.2307/2708638CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartsock, Nancy. 1982. Prologue to a feminist critique of war and politics. In Women's views of the political world of men, ed.Stiehm, Judith. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Transnational Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Holmes, Arthur, ed. 1969. War and Christian ethics. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.Google Scholar
Howes, Ruth and Stevenson, Michael, ed. 1993. Women and the use of force. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers.Google Scholar
Hunter, Anne E., ed. 1991. Genes and gender VI: On peace, war, and gender: A challenge to genetic explanations. New York: Feminist Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Turner. 1981. Just war tradition and the restraint of war: A moral and historical inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Turner, and Weigel, George. 1992. Just war and the Gulf War. Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center.Google ScholarPubMed
Kehoe, Alice. 1986. Christianity and war. In Peace and war: Cross‐cultural perspectives, ed.Foster, M. L. and Rubenstein, Richard. New Brunswick, CT: Transaction Books.Google Scholar
Langan, John. 1984. The elements of St. Augustine's just war theory. Journal of Religious Ethics 12(1): 19–38.Google Scholar
MacCarthy, Esther. 1978. Catholic women and war: The National Council of Catholic Women, 1919‐1946. Peace and Change 5(1): 23–3210.1111/j.1468-0130.1978.tb00367.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFague, Sallie. 1987. Models of god. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.Google Scholar
McMahon, Jeff. 1991. The Gulf War and the traditional theory of the just war. Paper presented at Indiana University, Bloomington, October 1991.Google Scholar
Miller, Richard B. 1991. Interpretations of conflict: Ethics, pacifism and the just‐war tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB). 1983. The challenge of peace: God's promise and our response. Washington, D.C.: United States Catholic Conference, Inc.Google Scholar
Niebuhr, Reinhold. 1932. Must We Do Nothing? Christian Century (March 30): 415–17.Google Scholar
Niebuhr, Reinhold. 1933. Why I leave the F.O.R. Christian Century (January 3): 254–59.Google Scholar
Niebuhr, Reinhold. 1940. Why the Christian Church is not pacifist. In Christianity and power politics. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.Google Scholar
Niebuhr, Reinhold. 1956. An interpretation of Christian ethics. Cleveland: Meridian Books.Google Scholar
Niebuhr, Reinhold, and Dun, Angus. 1955. God wills both justice and peace. Christianity and Crisis 15 (June 13): 75–78.Google Scholar
Noddings, Nel. 1984. Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Noddings, Nel. 1989. Women and evil. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
O'Brien, William. 1981. The conduct of just and limited war. New York: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Pierson, Ruth Roach. 1988. “They're still women after all”: Wartime jitters over femininity. In Women and the military system, ed.Isaksson, Eva. New York: St. Martins Press.Google Scholar
Ramsey, Paul. 1968. The just war: Force and political responsibility. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.Google Scholar
Reardon, Betty. 1985. Women and the war system. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Ruddick, Sarah. 1983. Pacifying the forces: Drafting women in the interests of peace. Signs 8(3): 471–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruddick, Sarah. 1987. Remarks on the sexual politics of reason. In Women and Moral Theory, ed.Kittay, Eva and Meyers, Diana. Stonybrook, New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Ruddick, Sarah. 1989. Maternal thinking: Towards A politics of peace. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Segers, Mary. 1985. The Catholic bishops' pastoral letter on war and peace: A feminist perspective. Feminist Studies 11(3): 619–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanley, Mary. 1983. Afterword: Feminism and families in a liberal polity. In Families, politics and public policy, ed.Diamond, Irene and Shanley, Mary. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Shaughnessy, Joan. 1988. Gilligan's travels. Law and Inequality 7: 1–27.Google Scholar
Sizemore, Russell. 1992. Reflections on the Gulf War. Christian Century 109(30): 945–47.Google Scholar
Stephenson, Carolyn. 1986. Pacifism and the roots of feminism in the United States, 1830‐1930: individual linkages. In Women and peace. See Brock‐Utne 1986.Google Scholar
Swerdlow, Amy. 1989. Women strike for peace. In Rocking the ship of state: Toward a feminist peace politics. See Harris and King.Google Scholar
Tickner, J. Ann. 1991. Hans Morgenthau's principles of political realism: A feminist reformulation. In Gender and international relations. See Grant and Newland 1991.Google Scholar
Editors, Tikkun. 1991. On just wars: An interview with Michael Walzer. Tikkun 6(1): 40–42.Google Scholar
Walzer, Michael. 1977. Just and unjust wars. New York: Basic Books, Inc.Google Scholar
Walzer, Michael. 1982. Response to Lackey. Ethics 92: 547–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walzer, Michael. 1991. Perplexed. New Republic (January 28): 13–15.Google Scholar
Washburn, Patricia. 1993. Women in the peace movement. In Women and the use of force. See Howes.Google Scholar