¹ Newman, John Henry, The Idea of a University, edited with preface and introduction by Harrold, Charles Frederick (London: Longmans, Green, 1947), xxviiGoogle Scholar; henceforth Idea. Also, in an essay entitled, “What is a University?” Newman defines a university as a “School of Universal Learning,” Historical Sketches (London: Longmans, Green, 1924), 6.

² Newman, Idea, xxvii. Jaroslav Pelikan points out that this statement of Newman's is rooted in Aristotle's distinction between truth and duty: “… the law of truth differs from the law of duty, that duties change, but truths never” (Pelikan, Jaroslav, The Idea of a University: A Reexamination [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992], 45.Google Scholar

³ Culler, A. Dwight, The Imperial Intellect: A Study of Newman's Educational Ideal (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955), 180.Google Scholar

⁴ Ibid., 182.

⁵ Idea, 389.

⁶ Ibid., 53.

⁷ Ibid., 46.

⁸ Ibid.

⁹ Ibid., 389.

¹⁰ Ibid., 18–19.

¹¹ Ibid., 46–47.

¹² Ibid., 38.

¹³ Ibid.

¹⁴ Ibid., 18.

¹⁵ Ibid., 389.

¹⁶ Ibid., 47.

¹⁷ Ibid., 20.

¹⁸ Ibid., 96.

¹⁹ Ibid., 90, 95, 96, and 98.

²⁰ Ibid., 111.

²¹ Ibid., 101, 107.

²² Ibid., 111, 121.

²³ Ibid., 91. Newman writes: “Knowledge is capable of being its own end. Such is the constitution of the human mind, that any kind of knowledge, if it is really such, is its own reward.”

²⁴ Ibid., 92.

²⁵ Ibid., 95–96.

²⁶ Ibid., 99.

²⁷ Ibid., 113–15.

²⁸ Ibid., 118–19.

²⁹ Ibid.

³⁰ Ibid., 119.

³¹ Ibid., 121.

³² Ibid., 123.

³³ Ibid., 124.

³⁴ Ibid.

³⁵ Ibid.

³⁶ Ibid., 119.

³⁷ Ibid., 319.

³⁸ Newman, John Henry, An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent, ed. Ker, Ian T., (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985), 99. 119, 120, 147.Google Scholar

³⁹ Idea, 313.

⁴⁰ Newman, , Grammar of Assent, 147.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Moleski, Martin X. S.J., Personal Catholicism: The Theological Epistemologies of John Henry Newman and Michael Polanyi (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2000), 118, 134, 154–55.Google Scholar

⁴² Idea, 90.

⁴³ Ibid, 106.

⁴⁴ Ibid., 96.

⁴⁵ Ker, Ian, John Henry Newman: A Biography (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), 392.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Idea, 205.

⁴⁷ Newman, , Historical Sketches, 240.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ McGrath, Fergal S.J., The Consecration of Learning: Lectures on Newman's Idea of a University (New York: Fordham University Press, 1966), 173.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ Ibid., 108. See also Ker, , Newman: A Biography, 376–77.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Idea, 10–11.

⁵¹ McGrath, , Consecration of Learning, 194.Google Scholar

⁵² Ibid., 203.

⁵³ Newman, John Henry, My Campaign in Ireland, printed for private circulation only (A. King & Co., 1896), 23–24.Google Scholar Newman states that he has taken upon himself the entire cost of erecting and furnishing a temporary church.

⁵⁴ Ibid., 42.

⁵⁵ McGrath, , Consecration of Learning, 204.Google Scholar

⁵⁶ Idea, 96.

⁵⁷ Ibid., 135. Newman rejects the idea that a university education should result in some definite work, which can be weighed and measured.

⁵⁸ Ibid., 147. Newman adds that the pursuit of liberal knowledge as an end in itself brings a power and a grace to every occupation and enables a person to be more useful and to serve a greater number of people (ibid., 148).

⁵⁹ Newman, , Idea of University, 398.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Ibid., 398–99.

⁶¹ Ibid., 399. Adding to the ambiguity Newman states, in a footnote: “It would be plausible to call Theology the external form of the philosophical system, as charity has been said to be of living faith, vide. Bellarm. de Justif., but then, though it would not interfere with the other sciences, it could not have been one of them” (ibid).

⁶² Idea, 47.

⁶³ Ibid., 399.

⁶⁴ Ibid., 59.

⁶⁵ Ibid., 46.

⁶⁶ Ibid., 61.

⁶⁷ Ibid., 60.

⁶⁸ Ibid. Newman follows these comments with a brief demonstration of the universal character of theology, (ibid., 60–61).

⁶⁹ Idea, 86.

⁷⁰ Ibid., 59.

⁷¹ Ibid., 64.

⁷² Ibid.

⁷³ Ker, , Newman: A Biography, 392.Google Scholar

⁷⁴ Ibid.

⁷⁵ Idea, 190, In fact, for Newman, it was the institutional control by the church, and not the teaching of theology, that made a university Catholic.

⁷⁶ Ibid., xxvii.

⁷⁷ Ibid.

⁷⁸ Ibid., 190.

⁷⁹ Gilley, Sheridan, Newman and His Age (Westminster, MD: Christian Classics, 1991), 295–96.Google Scholar

⁸⁰ Idea, xxvii.

⁸¹ Ibid.

⁸² Ibid., 336.

⁸³ Ibid.

⁸⁴ Ibid.

⁸⁵ Ibid.

⁸⁶ Culler, , Imperial Intellect, 159.Google Scholar Culler points out that Newman did not think that it was practical to begin the school of theology immediately and so he did not make much of an effort to establish it.

⁸⁷ Idea, 62. McGrath states that in the early discourses Newman wanted to rely upon reasoning that would not be linked to the tenets of Catholic theology, but that, in the last two discourses, Newman modified his plan and devoted them to the consideration of the Catholic Church and Catholic theology (Consecration of Learning, 3).

⁸⁸ Idea, 55.

⁸⁹ Ibid., 55–59.

⁹⁰ Ibid., 319. Newman also refers to theology in this sense as “Theology proper” (ibid., 331).

⁹¹ Ibid., 310.

⁹² Ibid., 331.

⁹³ Ibid., 190.

⁹⁴ Newman, , Campaign in Ireland, 94.Google Scholar

⁹⁵ Idea, 54. Here Newman states that these constitute a science supplemental to theology and, even though they are necessary in their place, they are not theology itself.

⁹⁶ Paul, John II, Apostolic Constitution Ex Corde Ecclesiae (Washington, DC: United States Catholic Conference, 1990), 32.Google Scholar

⁹⁷ See Bishops, U.S., The Application of Ex Corde Ecclesiae for the United States (Washington, DC: United States Catholic Conference, 2000), 16.Google Scholar

⁹⁸ Idea, 318.

⁹⁹ Ibid., 342.

¹⁰⁰ Ibid.

¹⁰¹ Ibid., 352–53.

¹⁰² Ibid., 350.

¹⁰³ Ibid., 342.

¹⁰⁴ Ibid.

¹⁰⁵ Ibid., 350.