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⁴ Jackson, Wes, New Roots for Agriculture (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980)Google Scholar, 8.

⁵ Ibid., 2.

⁶ Montgomery, David R., Dirt: The Erosion of Civilization (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), 49–81Google Scholar. See also Fraser, Evan D. G. and Rimas, Andrew, Empires of Food: Feast, Famine, and the Rise and Fall of Civilizations (New York: Free Press, 2010).Google Scholar

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⁹ Smith, Kimberly K., Wendell Berry and the Agrarian Tradition (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003)Google Scholar, 68.

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¹³ The crisis is global in character. See Cribb, Julian, The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010)Google Scholar; Brown, Lester, Full Planet, Empty Plates (New York: W. W. Norton, 2012).Google Scholar

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³⁰ Ibid., 100.

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³⁷ Singer, Peter and Mason, Jim, The Ethics of What We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter (Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 2006), 21–36Google Scholar. See also Singer and Mason, Animal Factories: What Agribusiness Is Doing to the Family Farm, the Environment, and Your Health, rev. ed. (New York: Harmony Books, 1990).Google Scholar

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⁴¹ Ibid., 89.

⁴² Kirschenmann, Cultivating an Ecological Conscience, 215.

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⁴⁴ Jackson, Wes, “Matfield Green,” in Rooted in the Land: Essays on Community and Place, ed. Vitek, William and Jackson, Wes (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996), 95–103Google Scholar, at 95 and 97.

⁴⁵ Wendell Berry, The Gift of Good Land, 132.

⁴⁶ USCCB, “For I Was Hungry and You Gave Me Food: Catholic Reflections on Food, Farmers, and Farmworkers,” I, http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/agriculture-nutrition-rural-issues/for-i-was-hungry.cfm.

⁴⁷ James S. Sullivan and Paul A. Zipfel, North Dakota Catholic Conference, “Giving Thanks through Action,” November 12, 1998, http://ndcatholic.org/archives/thanks/index.html.

⁴⁸ Catholic Conference of Ohio, “Parched Land, Perilous Times: A Call for Prayer and Legislative Actions for Farming Families,” October 1, 1999, http://www.ohiocathconf.org/statements/parchedland.pdf.

⁴⁹ Nebraska Catholic Conference, “A Joint Statement on Economic Hardships Affecting Rural Life,” http://necatholic.org/document/a-joint-statement-on-economic-hardships-affecting-rural-life/.

⁵⁰ Diocese of New Ulm, “Bishops Speak Out on Farm Crisis,” January 25, 1999, http://www.dnu.org/news/012599news.html.

⁵¹ Indiana Catholic Conference, “Care for the Earth,” http://www.indianacc.org/bins/site/content/documents/Care%20for%20the%20Earth%20web.pdf?_resolutionfile=ftppath|documents/Care%20for%20the%20Earth%20web.pdf.

⁵² Catholic Conference of Illinois, “That Abundance May Flourish (Psalm 72:7): A Catholic Perspective on Rural Life in Illinois,” Spring 2001, http://www.archdiocese-chgo.org/pdf/rurallifestatementversion811.pdf.

⁵³ “A Joint Statement on the Hardships of Rural Life.”

⁵⁴ Pascalev, Assya, “Agrarianism,” in Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, ed. Callicott, J. (Detroit: Macmillan, 2009), 20–28Google Scholar. On the history of agrarianism, see also Hanson, Victor Davis, The Other Greeks: The Family Farm and the Agrarian Roots of Western Civilization, 2nd ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995, 1999)Google Scholar; Havard, William C. and Sullivan, Walter, eds., A Band of Prophets: The Vanderbilt Agrarians after Fifty Years (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982)Google Scholar; Carlson, Allan, The New Agrarian Mind: The Movement toward Decentralist Thought in Twentieth-Century America (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2000)Google Scholar. On contemporary agrarian thought, see Freyfogle, Eric T., ed., The New Agrarianism: Land, Culture, and the Community of Life (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001)Google Scholar; Freyfogle, Agrarianism and the Good Society: Land, Culture, Conflict, and Hope (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007)Google Scholar; Wirzba, Norman, ed., The Essential Agrarian Reader: The Future of Culture, Community, and the Land (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2003).Google Scholar

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⁵⁶ Wirzba, Norman, “Agrarianism after Modernity: An Opening for Grace,” in After Modernity? Secularity, Globalization, and the Re-Enchantment of the World, ed. Smith, James K. A. (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2008), 241–58.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Berry, Wendell is the author of forty volumes of poetry, fiction, and essays, including Collected Poems, 1957–1982 (New York: North Point, 1995)Google Scholar; Jayber Crow (Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 2000)Google Scholar; and The Unsettling of America (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1986).Google Scholar

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⁵⁹ On relationship to the land as comparable to a marriage, see Berry, Wendell, Standing by Words (Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, 1983), 68–69.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Berry, “The Whole Horse,” 45.

⁶¹ Berry, Wendell, Citizenship Papers (Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, 2004), 143–44Google Scholar. For a reflection on the theological significance of this position, see Whelan, Matthew Philipp, “Prefiguring the Salvation of the World: The Eucharist and Agriculture,” in God, Grace and Creation, ed. Rossi, Philip J. (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2009), 187–200Google Scholar. See also Graham, Mark E., Sustainable Agriculture: A Christian Ethic of Gratitude (Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press, 2005).Google Scholar

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⁶³ Ibid.

⁶⁴ Ibid. On this point, see also Brueggeman, Walter, “Land, Fertility, and Justice,” in Theology of the Land, ed. Evans, Bernard and Cusack, Gregory (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1987), 41–68.Google Scholar

⁶⁵ Bovée, David S., The Church and the Land: The National Catholic Rural Life Conference and American Society, 1923–2007 (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2010)Google Scholar, 9.

⁶⁶ Ibid., 19.

⁶⁷ Ibid., 39.

⁶⁸ Ibid., 50.

⁶⁹ Michel, Virgil, “Liturgy: The Basis of Social Regeneration,” Orate Fratres 9 (1935): 536–45Google Scholar, at 541; see also Michel, The Mystical Body and Social Justice (Collegeville, MN: St. John's Abbey, 1938).Google Scholar

⁷⁰ Woods, Michael J., Cultivating Soil and Soul: Twentieth-Century Catholic Agrarians Embrace the Liturgical Movement (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2009)Google Scholar, xxi.

⁷¹ Dolan, Timothy, Some Seed Fell on Good Ground: The Life of Edwin V. O'Hara (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1992)Google Scholar, 51.

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⁷³ Catholic Rural Life, http://www.ncrlc.com/.

⁷⁴ Statement on faculty website, https://divinity.duke.edu/academics/faculty/norman-wirzba.

⁷⁵ Frederick Kirschenmann, “A New Science for a New Agriculture” (paper prepared for the Mountain Sky Guest Ranch conference, “Evidence Based, Opinion Based and Real World Agriculture and Medicine,” October 10–15, 2004).

⁷⁶ Benedict XVI, “To Cultivate Peace, Protect Creation,” Message for the Celebration of the World Day of Peace, January 1, 2010; reprinted in The Environment, ed. Lindsey, Jacquelyn (Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor, 2012)Google Scholar, 125.

⁷⁷ Tracy, David, The Analogical Imagination (New York: Crossroad, 1981)Google Scholar. The phrase “hidden ground of love” is from Merton, Thomas, The Hidden Ground of Love: The Letters of Thomas Merton on Religious Experience and Social Concerns (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1985).Google Scholar

⁷⁸ Berry, The Gift of Good Land, 136.

⁷⁹ Berry, Standing by Words, 74–75.

⁸⁰ Ibid., 137–41.

⁸¹ Ransom, John Crowe, The World's Body (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1938)Google Scholar, 72.

⁸² See http://www.ignatiusguelph.ca/csa/index.html; http://olrmonastery.org/the-farm/.

⁸³ See, for example, Jackson, New Roots for Agriculture, 105; Wirzba, Norman, The Paradise of God: Renewing Religion in an Ecological Age (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 80–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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⁸⁵ Kirschenmann, Frederick L., “On Being an ‘Objective’ Farmer,” in Black Earth and Ivory Tower: New American Essays from Farm and Classroom, ed. Jack, Zachary Michael (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2005), 224–30Google Scholar, at 225.

⁸⁶ Ibid.

⁸⁷ See, for example, Maloney, George A., The Cosmic Christ: From Paul to Teilhard (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1968).Google Scholar

⁸⁸ Ligutti, Luigi G., “Sacrifice and Society: The Rural Problem,” National Liturgical Week, (Ferdinand, IN: The Liturgical Conference, 1944), 124–5.Google Scholar

⁸⁹ Letter of Jefferson to David Williams, in Baron, The Garden and Farm Books of Thomas Jefferson, 189.

⁹⁰ Linda M. Hasselstrom, “Addicted to Work,” in Vitek and Jackson, Rooted in the Land, 66–75, at 73.

⁹¹ See Speltz, George, The Importance of Rural Life according to the Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas: A Study in Economic Philosophy (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1945), 52–62.Google Scholar

⁹² Pope Pius VII, Motu Propio, September 15, 1802; as quoted in Luigi G. Ligutti, “The Popes and Agriculture,” Commonweal, March 1, 1940, 397–99, at 398.

⁹³ As quoted in Woods, Cultivating Soil and Soul, 146.

⁹⁴ Temple, Kerry, “The Original Home-Grown Do-It-Yourself-Meal Plan,” Notre Dame Magazine 42 (Winter 2013–2014): 19.Google Scholar

⁹⁵ Haigwood, Laura, ed., Alumnae Memories of Sister M. Madeleva Wolff, CSC (1887–1964) (Notre Dame, IN: Saint Mary's College Center for Spirituality, 2014)Google Scholar, 5.

⁹⁶ Woods, Cultivating Soil and Soul, 149 and 63.

⁹⁷ Ibid., 156.

⁹⁸ On the importance of agricultural education even for city dwellers, see, for example, David W. Orr, “The Urban-Agrarian Mind,” in Freyfogle, The New Agrarianism, 93–110; Norman Wirzba, “Why Agrarianism Matters: Even to Urbanites,” in Wirzba, The Essential Agrarian Reader, 1–22.

⁹⁹ A comparable Jewish model is Adamah, a teaching farm in Connecticut where Jewish youth who want to enter agricultural professions can learn distinctively Jewish agrarian practices. See http://www.hazon.org/adamah/adamah-fellowship/.

¹⁰⁰ “Average U.S. Farmer's Age Rising, Younger People Needed in Agriculture,” Huffington Post, April 20, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/average-farmer-age-rising_n_1403542.html.

¹⁰¹ On women in agriculture, see, for example, Costa, Temra, Farmer Jane: Women Changing the Way We Eat (Layton, UT: Gibbs Smith, 2010)Google Scholar. On Catholic women and the Grail farm in Loveland, Ohio, see Kalven, Janet, Women Breaking Boundaries: A Grail Journey, 1940–1995 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), 26–103.Google Scholar

¹⁰² C. Dean Freudenberger, “Implications of a New Land Ethic,” in Evans and Cusack, Theology of the Land, 69–84, at 78.

¹⁰³ Pollan, “Farmer in Chief,” 68.

¹⁰⁴ David Orr, “Re-ruralizing Education,” in Vitek and Jackson, Rooted in the Land, 226–34, at 231.

¹⁰⁵ Kirschenmann, Cultivating an Ecological Conscience, 22.

¹⁰⁶ The Sustainable Agriculture Education Association identifies seven private liberal arts colleges that offer degrees in sustainable agriculture, none of which are Catholic. See http://sustainableaged.org/Projects/AcademicPrograms/tabid/86/Default.aspx.

¹⁰⁷ Xavier University Undergraduate and Graduate Catalog, 2014–2015, http://catalog.xavier.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=9&poid=1688&returnto=332.

¹⁰⁸ “Seeking Integration and Wisdom: The Xavier Way,” Xavier University website, http://www.xavier.edu/mission-identity/heritage-tradition/Our-Jesuit-Catholic-Identity.cfm.

¹⁰⁹ “Berry Farming and Ecological Agarianism Program,” Department of Earth Studies, St. Catharine College, http://www.sccky.edu/academics/arts-sciences/earth-studies/sustainablefarming_ba.php.

¹¹⁰ Pollan, “Farmer in Chief,” 71.

¹¹¹ Lubchenco, Jane, “Entering the Century of the Environment: A New Social Contract for Science,” Science 279 (1998): 491–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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¹¹³ Ibid., 76 and 98.

¹¹⁴ http://www.landinstitute.org/. See also Jackson, New Roots for Agriculture; and Jackson, “The Necessity and Possibility of an Agriculture Where Nature Is the Measure” Conservation Biology 22 (2008): 1376–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹¹⁵ Kirschenmann, Cultivating an Ecological Conscience, 139.

¹¹⁶ “Faith, Food & the Environment,” http://faithfoodenvironment.org/about/.

¹¹⁷ Bahnson, Fred, Soil and Sacrament (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2013)Google Scholar, 35. These ailments are not limited to but do include sexual temptation, and work on farms or gardens can provide youth with a constructive way to channel their generative instincts. “A friend who was in graduate school,” writes Jonathan Wilson-Hartgrove, for example, “confessed that he was overwhelmed by sexual temptation. When he described thoughts he had while reading in the library, it became clear that his real problem was boredom. Though he had been driven to study by the love of learning, the leisure afforded him for the purpose of scholarship was more than his young body could handle. He needed some work to do. We invited him to weed our garden for an hour every evening. He reported that the sexual temptations subsided and he actually enjoyed reading again.” Wilson-Hartgrove, The Wisdom of Stability: Rooting Faith in a Mobile Culture (Brewster, MA: Paraclete Press, 2010)Google Scholar, 120.

¹¹⁸ Orr, “Re-ruralizing Education,” 228.

¹¹⁹ Baron, The Garden and Farm Books of Thomas Jefferson, 178.

¹²⁰ Jackson, “Matfield Green,” 97.

¹²¹ Wirzba, Paradise of God, 31.

¹²² Williams, Rowan, “On Being Creatures,” in On Christian Theology (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000), 63–78Google Scholar. See also Wirzba, Norman, “The Art of Creaturely Life: A Question of Human Propriety,” Pro Ecclesia 22 (2013): 7–28Google Scholar; Wirzba, “The Touch of Humility: An Invitation to Creatureliness,” Modern Theology 24 (2008): 225–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹²³ Wirzba, Norman, “The Dark Night of the Soil: An Agrarian Approach to Mystical Life,” Christianity and Literature 56 (Winter 2007): 253–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 263.

¹²⁴ Wirzba, The Paradise of God, 31–32. For one of Berry's many reflections on humility, see, for example, Berry, Standing by Words, 71.

¹²⁵ Sutterfield, Ragan, Farming as a Spiritual Discipline (Indianapolis: Doulos Christou Press, 2009), 19–21Google Scholar.

¹²⁶ Crews, Tim, “Prescott College (1996): Agroecology as the Cultivation of Soil and Mind,” in Fields of Learning: The Student Farm Movement in North America, ed. Sayre, Laura and Clark, Sean (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2011)Google Scholar, 219.

¹²⁷ Ibid., 237.

¹²⁸ Berry, The Gift of Good Land, 274.

¹²⁹ Ibid.

¹³⁰ Williams, Raymond, Keywords (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976)Google Scholar, 76; Tanner, Kathryn, Theories of Culture: A New Agenda for Theology (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1997)Google Scholar, 3.

¹³¹ Montgomery, David, Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007)Google Scholar, 38.

¹³² For one account of agrarianism within the academy, see Major, William H., Grounded Vision: New Agrarianism and the Academy (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2011).Google Scholar

¹³³ Woods, Cultivating Soil and Soul, 193.

¹³⁴ For Monsignor Joseph Gremillion's reflections on the importance of agriculture and rural life within a church that is katholikos, see Woods, Cultivating Soil and Soul, 237–47.

¹³⁵ On the history and retrieval of the practice of rogation days, see Perkins, Sharon K., “Blessing Fields and Repelling Grasshoppers: Rogation Days in American Catholic Rural Life,” in Rossi, God, Grace, and Creation (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2010), 201–21.Google Scholar

¹³⁶ Woods, Cultivating Soil and Soul, 112.

¹³⁷ Newman, John Henry, Rise and Progress of Universities and Benedictine Essays (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2001)Google Scholar, 16.

¹³⁸ Jackson, New Roots for Agriculture, 65.

¹³⁹ Guroian, Vigen, Inheriting Paradise: Meditations on Gardening (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999)Google Scholar, 17.