Article contents
“So, You Think You Have a History?”: Taking a Q from Lesbian and Gay Studies in Writing Education History
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017
Extract
At first I thought he was a baseball fan from Cleveland. As he came closer I saw the cross on his blue and red cap, and I realized I had seen this guy before. I was staffing a GOHI exhibit at the Columbus gay pride parade. GOHI is the Gay Ohio History Initiative, a group of volunteers who formed a partnership with the Ohio Historical Society in 2006 to “preserve, archive, and curate Ohio's LGBT history and culture.” Interestingly, the “preeminent history preservation organization” in Ohio is serving as a model of collaboration for public educational institutions concerning lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) history. This may strike one as curious given that two out of three Ohio voters supported a constitutional ban on marriage equality in 2004 even though the state legislature had already adopted a similar measure. The state also does not prohibit employment or housing discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Yet Columbus maintains a national reputation as a “gay-friendly” city, suggesting that the political terrain in Ohio is as mixed as ever. The old saw—“As goes Ohio so goes the nation”—still seems pertinent.
- Type
- Articles
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2012 History of Education Society
References
1 “About Us,” Gay Ohio History Initiative, accessed 13 August 2012, http://www.gohi.org/about/.Google Scholar
2 Ibid.; Kuceyeski, Stacia, “The Gay Ohio History Initiative as a Model for Collecting Institutions,” Museums and Social Issues 3, no. 1 (Spring 2008): 686–94. Throughout this essay I use the terms “lesbian,” “gay,” and “queer” to reflect the contexts of specific histories under examination. “Queer” can serve as an adjective, a noun, or a verb. In general I use “LGBTQ” as an adjective to describe issues, topics, and histories regarding people in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries who claim a nonheterosexual orientation. I also refer to queer theories as those that challenge and complicate notions of singular, fixed, or normal identities. See Hall, Donald E., Queer Theories (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 12–16.Google Scholar
3 Kuceyeski, , “The Gay Ohio History Initiative as a Model,” 126–27.Google Scholar
4 “Notable LGBT Ohioans,” Gay Ohio History Initiative, accessed 13 August 2012, http://www.gohi.org/glbt-ohio-history-month/.Google Scholar
5 Quoted in Kavanaugh, John, letter to the editor, Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide 17, no. 1 (January–February 2010): 9.Google Scholar
6 I am using the term “Christian Right” as defined by Political Research Associates: theocrats who embrace a politics that tries to preserve traditional notions of gender and sexuality. See Kumashiro, Kevin K., The Seduction of Common Sense: How the Right Has Framed the Debate on America's Schools (New York: Teachers College Press, 2008), 9–10.Google Scholar
7 See “Love Makes A Family,” Family Diversity Projects, accessed 13 August 2012, http://www.familydiv.org/lovemakesafamily.php. See also, It's Elementary: Talking about Gay Issues in Schools, VHS, produced by Cohen, Helen S. and Chasnoff, Debra, directed by Debra Chasnoff (San Francisco: Women's Educational Media, 1996).Google Scholar
8 Bravmann, Scott, Queer Fictions of the Past: History, Culture, and Difference (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 4.Google Scholar
9 These ideas reflect my reading of the literature in LGBTQ education history and many conversations with leading scholars in the field, Jackie Blount, Roland Sintos Coloma, and Catherine Lugg.Google Scholar
10 Graves, Karen L., And They Were Wonderful Teachers: Florida's Purge of Gay and Lesbian Teachers (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009), xiii.Google Scholar
11 See Blount, Jackie M., Fit to Teach: Same-sex Desire, Gender, and School Work in the Twentieth Century (Albany: SUNY Press, 2005); J. R. de Honey, S., Tom Brown's Universe: The Development of the English Public School in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Quadrangle, 1977); Graves, And They Were Wonderful Teachers; Harbeck, Karen M., Gay and Lesbian Educators: Personal Freedoms, Public Constraints (Maiden, MA: Amethyst Press, 1997); Sahli, Nancy, “Smashing: Women's Relationships Before the Fall,” Chrysalis 8 (Summer 1979): 17–27; Vicinus, Martha, “Distance and Desire: English Boarding School Friendships, 1870–1920,” Signs: Journal of Women and Culture in Society 9, no. 4 (1984): 600–22; Wright, William, Harvard's Secret Court: The Savage 1920 Purge of Campus Homosexuals (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005).Google Scholar
12 D'Emilio, John, “Then and Now: The Shifting Context of Gay Historical Writing,” in The World Turned: Essays on Gay History, Politics, and Culture (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002), 229.Google Scholar
13 The classic references for this point are Bailyn, Bernard, Education in the Forming of American Society: Needs and Opportunities for Study (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1960) and Cremin, Lawrence A., The Wonderful World of Ell-wood Patterson Cubberley: An Essay in the Historiography of American Education (New York: Teachers College Press, 1965).Google Scholar
14 See, for example, Bérubé, Allan, Coming Out under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War Two, (New York: Free Press, 1990); Boyd, Nan Alamilla, Wide Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003); Cahn, Susan K., “From the ‘Muscle Moll’ to the ‘Butch’ Ballplayer: Mannishness, Lesbianism, and Homophobia in U.S. Women's Sport,” Feminist Studies 19, no. 2 (Summer 1993): 686–94; Chauncey, George, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940 (New York: Basic Books, 1994); Cook, Blanche Wiesen, “Female Support Networks and Political Activism: Lillian Wald, Crystal Eastman, Emma Goldman,” Chrysalis 3 (1977): 43–61; D'Emilio, John, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940–1970 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983); D'Emilio, John, Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin (New York: Free Press, 2003); Eskridge, William N., Jr., Gaylaw: Challenging the Apartheid of the Closet (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999); Faderman, Lillian, Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America (New York: Penguin, 1991); Freedman, Estelle B., “‘The Burning of Letters Continues': Elusive Identities and the Historical Construction of Sexuality,” Journal of Women's History 9, no. 4 (Winter 1998): 181–200; Hansen, Karen V., “‘No Kisses Is Like Yourses': An Erotic Friendship between Two African-American Women during the Mid-Nineteenth Century,” Gender and History 7, no. 2 (1995): 153–82; Howard, John, ed., Carryin’ On in the Lesbian and Gay South (New York: New York University Press, 1997); Johnson, David K., The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004); Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky and Davis, Madeline D., Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community (New York: Routlege, 1993); Russo, Vito, The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies (New York: Harper & Row, 1987); Rupp, Leila J., “‘Imagine My Surprise': Women's Relationships in Mid-Twentieth Century America,” in Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay & Lesbian Past, eds., Duberman, Martin Bauml, Vicinus, Martha, and George Chauncey, Jr. (New York: New American Library, 1989), 395–410; Sears, James T., Lonely Hunters: An Oral History of Lesbian and Gay Southern Life, 1948–1968 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997); Shilts, Randy, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Shilts, Randy, Conduct Unbecoming: Gays & Lesbians in the U.S. Military (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993); Stein, Marc, City of Sisterly and Brotherly Loves: Lesbian and Gay Philadelphia, 1945–1972 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000); and White, C. Todd, Pre-Gay LA: A Social History of the Movement for Homosexual Rights (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009).Google Scholar
15 * 61, VHS, produced by Colesberry, Robert F., directed by Crystal, Billy (HBO Films, 2001). During the 1961 season Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick announced that Maris’ record would be distinguished from Ruth's unless Maris broke the record in the first 154 games of the season. See Daniel Okren and Steve Wulf, Baseball Anecdotes (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 255.Google Scholar
16 Later in this essay I discuss the ways in which historians have dealt with the changing meanings of same-sex sexuality over time and place.Google Scholar
17 Duberman, Martin Bauml, “Reclaiming the Gay Past,” Reviews in American History 16, no. 4 (December 1988): 686–94.Google Scholar
18 Lerner, Gerda, Living with History/Making Social Change (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2009), 143, 146.Google Scholar
19 It may be useful to give a brief description of the portion of the bibliography I do not examine in this analysis, a collection of thirty-three books and twenty-two essays that I have labeled “Peripheral/Inclusive of LGBTQ/Sexuality in Education/History.” This body of research includes work that barely mentions LGBTQ issues but nonetheless seems important to track—peripheral. Other scholarship gives considerable attention to LGBTQ issues even though they do not command center stage in the analysis—inclusive. In other cases the study focuses on broader themes of gender or sexuality rather than LGBTQ issues explicitly. Nonetheless, the work informs one's thinking about LGBTQ issues so I have counted it. Finally, some of these pieces address lesbian and gay education history as part of a larger study in education or history—for instance, a history of sexuality that mentions an educational issue in passing, or an educational study on LGBTQ issues that tacks on “a brief historical overview.” I also culled works on sex education; biographies, reflective essays, and surveys; and short, journalistic pieces from the primary analysis. I will provide a copy of the full bibliography upon request.Google Scholar
20 D'Emilio, John, Making Trouble: Essays on Gay History, Politics, and the University (New York: Routledge, 1992).Google Scholar
21 Dilley, Patrick, Queer Man on Campus: A History of Non-Heterosexual College Men, 1945–2000 (New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2002).Google Scholar
22 Shand-Tucci, Douglass, The Crimson Letter: Harvard, Homosexuality, and the Shaping of American Culture (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003); Wright, Harvard's Secret Court. Google Scholar
23 Harbeck, , Gay and Lesbian Educators.Google Scholar
24 Blount, , Fit To Teach. See also Blount, “The History of Teaching and Talking about Sex in Schools,” History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 4 (2003): 686–94; “Spinsters, Bachelors, and Other Gender Transgressors in School Employment, 1850–1990,” Review of Educational Research 70, no. 1 (2000): 83–101; and, “Manly Men and Employment, 1900–1976,” Harvard Educational Review 68, no. 2 (1996): 318–39.Google Scholar
25 Graves, , And They Were Wonderful Teachers, xiv.Google Scholar
26 Blount, , Fit To Teach, 184–85.Google Scholar
27 Blount, , “The History of Teaching and Talking about Sex in Schools;” Kathleen Weiler, “The Case of Martha Deane: Sexuality and Power at Cold War UCLA,” History of Education Quarterly 47, no. 4 (Winter 2007): 686–94.Google Scholar
28 Cavanagh, Sheila L., “Female-Teacher Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Ontario, Canada,” History of Education Quarterly 45, no. 2 (Summer 2005): 686–94; Churchill, David S., “Making Broad Shoulders: Body-Building and Physical Culture in Chicago, 1890–1920,” History of Education Quarterly 48, no. 3 (August 2008): 341–70; Johnson, Joan Marie, “Job Market or Marriage Market?: Life Choices for Southern Women Educated at Northern Colleges, 1875–1915,” History of Education Quarterly 47, no. 2 (May 2007): 149–72; Limond, David, “Only Talk in the Staffroom: ‘Subversive Teaching in a Scottish School, 1939–40,” History of Education 29, no. 3 (2000): 239–52; Limond, , “‘I Never Imagined that the Time Would Come': Cole, Martin, the Growing Up Controversy and the Limits of School Sex Education in 1970s England,” History of Education 37, no. 3 (May 2008): 409–29; Victoria-Maria MacDonald, “The Paradox of Bureaucratization: New Views on Progressive Era Teachers and the Development of a Woman's Profession,” History of Education Quarterly 39, no. 4 (Winter 1999): 427–53; Mehlman, Natalia, “Sex Ed… and the Reds? Reconsidering the Anaheim Battle over Sex Education, 1962–1969,” History of Education Quarterly 47, no. 2 (May 2007): 203–32; Olsen, Deborah M., “Remaking the Image: Promotional Literature of Mount Holyoke, Smith, and Wellesley Colleges in the Mid-to-Late 1940s,” History of Education Quarterly 40, no. 4 (Winter 2000): 418–59; Palmieri, Patricia, “Here Was Fellowship: A Social Portrait of Academic Women at Wellesley College, 1895–1920,” History of Education Quarterly 23, no. 2 (Summer 1983): 195–214; Perrillo, Joanna, “Beyond ‘Progressive’ Reform: Bodies, Disciplines, and the Construction of the ‘Professional Teacher’ in Interwar America,” History of Education Quarterly 44, no. 3 (Fall 2004): 337–63; and, Phillips, J.O.C., “The Education of Jane Addams,” History of Education Quarterly 14, no. 1 (Spring 1974): 49–67.Google Scholar
29 Sahli, , “Smashing;” and Vicinus, “Distance and Desire.” See also, Inness, Sherrie A., “Mashes, Smashes, Crushes, and Raves: Woman-to-Woman Relationships in Popular Women's College Fiction, 1895–1915,” NWSA Journal 6, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 48–68; Martin, Robert K., “Scandal at Smith,” Radical Teacher 45 (1994): 4–8; and Schnur, James A., “Cold Warriors in the Hot Sunshine: USF and the Johns Committee,” Sunland Tribune 18 (November 1992): 9–15.Google Scholar
30 The Johns Committee was the popular name for the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee. Stacy Braukman, “‘Nothing Else Matters But Sex': Cold War Narratives of Deviance and the Search for Lesbian Teachers in Florida, 1959–1963,” Feminist Studies 27, no. 3 (Fall 2001): 686–94; Rifkin, Mark, “Romancing Kinship: A Queer Reading of Indian Education and Zitkala-Sa's American Indian Stories,” GLQ:A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 12, no. 1 (2006): 27–59.Google Scholar
31 See Blount, Jackie M., “From Exemplar to Deviant: Same-sex Relationships among Women Superintendents, 1909–1976,” Educational Studies 35, no. 2 (2004): 686–94; Blount, , “Spinsters, Bachelors, and Other Gender Transgressors;” Blount, “Manliness and the Gendered Construction of School Administration in the USA,” International Journal of Leadership in Education: Theory and Practice 2, no. 2 (1999): 55–68; Blount, , “Manly Men and Womanly Women;” Patrick Dilley, “20th Century Postsecondary Practices and Policies to Control Gay Students,” Review of Higher Education 25, no. 4 (Summer 2002): 409–31; Graves, Karen L., “Doing the Public's Business: Florida's Purge of Gay and Lesbian Teachers,” Educational Studies 41, no. 1 (February 2007): 7–32; Lugg, Catherine A., “Thinking about Sodomy: Public Schools, Legal Panopticons, and Queers,” Educational Policy 20, no. 1 (2006): 35–58; Lugg, , “Our Straight-laced Administrators: LGBT School Administrators, the Law, and the Assimilationist Imperative,” Journal of School Leadership 13, no. 1 (2003): 51–85; Lugg, , “Sissies, Faggots, Lezzies, and Dykes: Gender, Sexual Orientation, and a New Politics of Education?” Educational Administration Quarterly 39, no. 1 (2003): 95–134; Lugg, , “The Religious Right and Public Education: The Paranoid Politics of Homophobia,” Educational Policy 12, no. 3 (1998): 267–83; and Griffin, Pat and Ouelett, Mathew, “From Silence to Safety and Beyond: Historical Trends in Addressing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Issues in K-12 Schools,” Equity & Excellence in Education 36, no. 2 (June 2003): 106–14.Google Scholar
32 B. Beemyn, , “The Silence Is Broken: A History of the First Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual College Student Groups,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 12, no. 2 (2003): 686–94; Elias, Megan, “‘Model Mamas': The Domestic Partnership of Home Economics Pioneers Flora Rose and Martha Van Rensselaer,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 15, no. 1 (January 2006): 65–88; Cowan, Benjamin A., “Sex and the Security State: Gender, Sexuality, and ‘Subversion’ at Brazil's Escola Superior de Guerra, 1964–1985,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 16, no. 3 (July 2007): 459–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33 Willett, Graham, “‘Proud and Employed': The Gay and Lesbian Movement and the Victorian Teachers’ Unions in the 1970s,” Labour History 76 (May 1999): 78–94; Martin, , “Scandal at Smith,” 4–8; Sahli, “Smashing;” Catherine Gidney, “Under the President's Gaze: Sexuality and Morality at a Canadian University during the Second World War,” Canadian Historical Review 82, no. 1 (March 2001): 36–54; and, Reichard, David A., “‘We Can't Hide and They Are Wrong': The Society for Homosexual Freedom and the Struggle for Recognition at Sacramento State College,” Law and History Review 28, no. 3: 629–74 accessed 9 September 2012, www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/Inacademic. Chrysalis: A Magazine of Women's Culture was a feminist art journal published between 1977 and 1981. See Linda Napikoski, “Chrysalis: A Magazine of Women's Culture,” About.com Women's History, accessed 9 September 2012, http://womenshistory.about.eom/od/periodicals/a/p_chrysalis.htm; Graves, Karen L., “Confronting a ‘Climate of Raucous and Carnival Invasion': The AAUW Takes On the Johns Committee,” Florida Historical Quarterly 85, no. 2 (Fall 2006): 154–76; Schnur, James A., “Cold Warriors in the Hot Sunshine: USF and the Johns Committee,” Sunland Tribune 18 (November 1992): 9–15; and, Estes, Steve, “The Long Gay Line: Gender and Sexual Orientation at The Citadel,” Southern Cultures 16, no. 1 (Spring 2010): 46–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34 The essays, in order of publication are Vern Bullough and Bonnie Bullough, “Homosexuality in Nineteenth-Century English Public Schools,” in Homosexuality in International Perspective, eds., Joseph Harry and Man Sing Das (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1980), 686–94; Oram, Alison, “‘Embittered, Sexless, or Homosexual': Attacks on Spinster Teachers, 1918–1939,” in Not a Passing Phase: Reclaiming Lesbians in History 1840–1985, ed., Lesbian History Group (London: The Women's Press, 1989), 99–118; Martin, Robert A. (“Stephen Donaldson”), “Student Homophile League: Founder's Retrospect,” in Homosexuality and Government, Politics, and Prisons (Studies in Homosexuality), eds., Dynes, Wayne R. and Donaldson, Stephen, vol. 10 (New York: Garland Publishing, 1992), 258–61; Schnur, James A., “Closet Crusaders: The Johns Committee and Homophobia, 1956–1965,” in Carryin’ On In the Lesbian and Gay South, ed., Howard, John (New York: New York University Press, 1997), 132–63; Blount, Jackie M. and Anahita, Sine, “The Historical Regulation of Sexuality and Gender of Students and Teachers: An Intertwined Legacy,” in Youth and Sexualities: Pleasure, Subversion, and Insubordination In and Out of Schools, eds., Rasmussen, Mary Louise, Rofes, Eric, and Talburt, Susan (New York: PalgraveMacmillan, 2004), 63–83; and, Graves, Karen L., “Containing the Perimeter: Dynamics of Race, Sexual Orientation, and the State in the 1950s and ‘60s,” in The History of Discrimination in U.S. Education: Marginality, Agency, and Power, ed., Tamura, Eileen (New York: PalgraveMacmillan, 2008), 41–66.Google Scholar
35 Freedman, Estelle B. and D'Emilio, John, “Problems Encountered in Writing the History of Sexuality: Sources, Theory and Interpretation,” Journal of Sex Research 27, no. 4 (November 1990): 481; Blount, Fit To Teach, 9–10.Google Scholar
36 Duggan, Lisa, “Lesbianism and American History: A Brief Source Review,” Frontiers 4, no. 3 (1979): 80. See also Dean, Carolyn, “Queer History,” review of Queer Fictions of the Past: History, Culture, and Difference, by Scott Bravmann, History and Theory 38, no. 1 (February 1999): 127.Google Scholar
37 Katz, Jonathan, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.: A Documentary (New York: Crowell, 1976).Google Scholar
38 See, for example, Inness, “Mashes, Smashes, Crushes, and Raves”; Sahli, “Smashing”; Vicinus, “Distance and Desire”; Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, “‘Nous Autres': Reading, Passion, and the Creation of Thomas, M. Carey,” Journal of American History 79, no. 1 (June 1992): 68–95; Horowitz, The Power and Passion of M. Carey Thomas (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994); Sehwarz, Judith, “Yellow Clover: Katharine Lee Bates and Katharine Coman,” Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies 4, no. 1 (1979): 59–67; and, Wells, Anna Mary, Miss Marks and Miss Woolley (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978).Google Scholar
39 See Blount, , Fit To Teach, chapter 2, “Passing Through That Phase of Homosexuality,” 29–44.Google Scholar
40 See Behind Closed Doors: The Dark Legacy of the Johns Committee, videotape, produced by Beutke, Allyson A. and Litvack, Scott (Gainesville: Documentary Institute in the College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, 2000); Braukman, , “‘Nothing Else Matters But Sex”’; Cowan, “Sex and the Security State”; Gidney, “Under the President's Gaze”; Graves, And They Were Wonderful Teachers; Graves, “Containing the Perimeter”; Graves, “‘Doing the Public's Business”’; Graves, “Confronting a ‘Climate of Raucous and Carnival Invasion”’; Harbeck, Gay and Lesbian Educators; Schnur, “Closet Crusaders”; Schnur, “Cold Warriors in the Hot Sunshine”; Weiner, “The Case of Martha Deane”; and, Wright, Harvard's Secret Court. Google Scholar
41 Penn, Donna, “Queer: Theorizing Politics and History,” Radical History Review 62 (1995): 25; D'Emilio, John, “Not a Simple Matter: Gay History and Gay Historians,” Journal of American History 76, no. 2 (September 1989): 440; Dean, “Queer History,” 127; Duberman, “Reclaiming the Gay Past,” 517. See Duberman, Martin Bauml, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey, Jr., eds., Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay & Lesbian Past (New York: New American Library, 1989).Google Scholar
42 Penn, “Queer: Theorizing Politics and History,” 25–26.Google Scholar
43 Freedman, Estelle B., “The History of the Family and the History of Sexuality,” in The New American History, ed., Foner, Eric (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997), 686–94.Google Scholar
44 Rupp, “‘Imagine My Surprise.” 407–09. An important text is D'Emilio, John and Freedman, Estelle B., Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America, 2nd ed. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1997 [1988]).Google Scholar
45 Palmieri, Patricia Ann, In Adamless Eden: The Community of Women Faculty at Wellesley (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), 138. See also Horowitz, “The Power and Passion of M. Carey Thomas; Jana Nidiffer's account of Boston Marriages,” in Historical Dictionary of Women's Education in the United States, ed., Eisenmann, Linda (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998), 52–54; and Rousmaniere, Kate, Citizen Teacher: The Life and Leadership of Margaret Haley (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005).Google Scholar
46 Palmieri, In Adamless Eden, 138.Google Scholar
47 In 2009, noted, Gerda Lerner, “the life I… led before I became an academic affected the questions I asked as a historian…. the social struggle[s] in which I engaged as an academic woman informed my thinking.” See Living with History/Making Social Change, 1. Although the point is debatable, many historians acknowledge that one's life experiences influence, to some degree, the type of historical inquiries one pursues.Google Scholar
48 Krugman, Paul, “American Thought Police,” New York Times, 27 March 2011, accessed 13 August 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/28/opinion/28krugman.html.Google Scholar
49 See Blount, , Fit To Teach, chapter 6, 108–34.Google Scholar
50 Blount, , Fit To Teach, 159–60.Google Scholar
51 Pinar, William F., Queer Theory in Education (Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum, 1998), 2. See also the account of Kenneth Benne in Feinberg, Walter and Odeshoo, Jason, “Educational Theory in the Fifties: The Beginning of a Conversation,” Educational Theory 50, no. 3 (Summer 2000): 289–306.Google Scholar
52 Graves, And They Were Wonderful Teachers, xiv.Google Scholar
53 Rampell, Catherine, “They Did Their Homework (800 Years of It),” New York Times, 2 July 2010. The book is Reinhart, Carmen M. and Rogoff, Kenneth, This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
54 Brooks, David, quoted in Rampell, “They Did Their Homework.”Google Scholar
55 Emphasis added. Sylla, Richard, quoted in Rampell, “They Did Their Homework.”Google Scholar
56 Rampell, , “They Did Their Homework.”Google Scholar
57 See McCulloch, Gary and Watts, Ruth, “Introduction: Theory, Methodology, and the History of Education,” History of Education 32, no. 2 (2003): 686–94.Google Scholar
58 Brehony, Kevin J., Review of Cultural History and Education: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Schooling, History of Education 32, no. 4 (2003): 441. On historians warning against scholarly isolation see, for instance, Cohen, Sol, “New Perspectives in the History of American Education 1960–1970,” History of Education 1, no. 2 (1972): 79; Grove, DeeAnn, “‘Over and Over Again': Historians of Education and the Fight for Relevancy,” paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, 2009; Goodman, Joyce and Martin, Jane, “Editorial: History of Education—Defining a Field,” History of Education 33, no. 1 (January 2004): 5.Google Scholar
59 Mills, C. Wright, The Sociological Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), 145.Google Scholar
60 The special edition includes responses by Beadie, Nancy, Rury, John L., Urban, Wayne J., Butchart, Ronald E., Weiler, Kathleen, Murphey, Kathleen A., and Franklin, V. P. Google Scholar
61 Beadie, Nancy, “Probing the Deep: Theory and History,” History of Education Quarterly 51, no. 2 (May 2011): 212.Google Scholar
62 West, Cornel, quoted in David Stovall, “Critical Race Theory as Educational Protest: Power and Praxis,” in Black Protest Thought and Education, ed., Watkins, William H. (New York: Peter Lang, 2005), 197.Google Scholar
63 This borrows from Mills, The Sociological Imagination, 121.Google Scholar
64 Kramer, Larry, “Queer Theory's Heist of Our History,” Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide 16, no. 5 (September–October 2009): 11, 13.Google Scholar
65 Herbst, Jurgen, “The History of Education, State of the Art at the Turn of the Century in Europe and North America,” Paedagogica Historica 35, no. 3 (1999): 740.Google Scholar
66 Hall, Donald E. argues this point in Queer Theories, 21, 46–47. For scholars in education who pose queer questions that challenge our thinking with due regard for the critical work that has been accomplished by lesbian and gay activists and historians over the last four decades, see Henry Abelove, “The Queering of Lesbian/Gay History,” Radical History Review 62 (1995): 44–57; Lugg, Catherine A., “‘What's a Nice Dyke Like You Embracing This Postmodern Crap,” Journal of School Leadership 18 (March 2008): 164–99; Mayo, Cris, “Queering Foundations: Queer, and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, , and Research, Transgender Educational,” Review of Research in Education 31 (March 2007): 78–94; and, Renn, Kristen A., “LGBT and Queer Research in Higher Education: The State and Status of the Field,” Educational Researcher 39, no. 2 (March 2010): 132–41.Google Scholar
67 Hall, Queer Theories, 1–15.Google Scholar
68 Lugg, “‘What's a Nice Dyke Like You,” 165, 182. See also, Renn, “LGBT and Queer Research,” 132.Google Scholar
69 Abelove, “The Queering of Lesbian/Gay History,” 47–49. See also Lugg, “‘What's a Nice Dyke Like You,” 165 and Renn, “LGBT and Queer Research,” 132.Google Scholar
70 Hall, Queer Theories, 2.Google Scholar
71 See Schneiderman, Jason, “In Defense of Queer Theory,” Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide 17, no. 1 (January/February 2010): 11, 13; Halperin, David M., How to Do the History of Homosexuality (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2002), 10–13; and Bryson, Mary, “Essay Review: Me/no Lesbian: The Trouble with ‘Troubling Lesbian Identities,” Qualitative Studies in Education 15, no. 3 (2002): 374.Google Scholar
72 Aldrich, Richard, “The Three Duties of the Historian of Education,” History of Education 32, no. 2 (2003): 686–94. See also Grove, “‘Over and Over Again,” 31; Baughman, James L., Brekus, Catherine, Dudziak, Mary L., Koehn, Nancy F., Lederer, Susan E., and Zimmerman, Jonathan, “Interchange: History in the Professional Schools,” Journal of American History 92, no. 2 (September 2005): 561.Google Scholar
73 Zimmerman, Jonathan, “Interchange,” 560. See Mayo, “Queering Foundations,” 79–82 on her argument regarding similarities between LGBT and queer studies.Google Scholar
74 Mayo, “Queering Foundations,” 84.Google Scholar
75 Koehn, Nancy F., “Interchange,” 570.Google Scholar
76 Hall, Queer Theories, 21.Google Scholar
77 Bryson, “Essay Review,” 376. See also Hall, Queer Theories, 43–47.Google Scholar
- 9
- Cited by