1 Recent works on the nature of the “modern” university and the ideal of progress within it include Ross, Dorothy The Origins of American Social Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Marsden, George M. The Soul of the American University: From Protestant Establishment to Established Non-Belief (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994); Reuben, Julie A. The Making of the Modern University: Intellectual Transformation and the Marginalization of Morality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996); and Roberts, Jon and Turner, James, The Sacred and the Secular University (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

2 In general, comprehensive accounts of American colleges and universities neglect the history of Catholic higher education in America. These include Cremin, Lawrence American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607-1783 (New York: Harper and Row, 1970), American Education: The National Experience 1783-1876 (New York: Harper and Row, 1980), and American Education: The Metropolitan Experience, 1876-1980 (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), as well as Rudolph, Frederick Curriculum: A History of the American Undergraduate Course of Study Since 1636 (New York: Jossey-Bass, 1977), and his The American College and University: A History (New York: Vintage Books, 1962). Similarly, the two most influential works of university history in the last half century ignore Catholics and relegate the classical, antebellum colleges to the sidelines: Hofstadter, Richard and Metzger, Walter The Development of Academic Freedom in the United States (New York: Columbia University Press, 1955) and Veysey, Laurence R. The Emergence of the American University (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965).Google Scholar

3 Grafton, Anthony and Jardine, Lisa From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Europe (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986), xii–xiv; Ganss, George E. Saint Ignatius’ Idea of a Jesuit University (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1956); O'Malley, John W., The First Jesuits (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

4 Egan, Maurice Francis “The Needs of Catholic Colleges,“ in Progress of the American Catholic Church in America and the Great Columbian Congress of 1893 (Chicago: J. S. Hyland 1897), 2:104.Google Scholar

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6 Williams, Keywords; Kelley, Donald ed., Versions of History from Antiquity to the Enlightenment (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991); Bury, J. B. The Idea of Progress: An Inquiry into Its Growth and Origin (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1932); Culler, A. Dwight The Victorian Mirror of History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985); Pollard, Sidney The Idea of Progress: History and Society (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1968); Nisbet, Robert History of the Idea of Progress (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1980); Bowler, Peter J. The Invention of Progress: The Victorians and the Past (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989).Google Scholar

7 Nichols, Thomas “Modern Skepticism,“ Princeton Review 3 (April 1874), 237; Humphreys, E. R. “Common Sense in Classics,” Education (January 1881), 295. Also see Howard, Francis W. “Catholicism, Protestantism, and Progress,” Catholic World 62 (November 1895): 145-53.Google Scholar

8 Trautmann, Thomas R. “The Revolution in Ethnological Time,“ Man 17 (1992), 380.Google Scholar

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12 Gilman, D. C. “The Future of American Colleges and Universities,“ Atlantic Monthly 78 (1896), 179. On Gilman, see Hart, D. G. “Faith and Learning in the Age of the University: The Academic Ministry of Daniel Coit Gilman,“ in The Secularization of the Academy, Marsden, George M. and Longfield, Bradley J. eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992): 107–45. The modern university's debts to liberal Protestantism are traced in Marsden, The Soul of the American University, and Reuben, The Making of the Modern University. On liberal Protestantism and its relation to modernism, see Hutchison, William R. The Modernist Impulse in American Protestantism (Durham: Duke University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

13 Fisher, Irving quoted in Reuben, The Making of the Modern University, 70; Eliot, Charles W. quoted in Jordan, David Starr Days of a Man (Yonkers-on-Hudson, NY: World Book Company, 1922), 2:2; “The Southern University,” Debow's Review 28 (December 1860), 728; Greene, Charles S. “The Hearst Architectural Competition of the University of California,” Overland Monthly 34 (July 1899), 72.Google Scholar

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16 Fleming, Robin “Picturesque History and the Medieval in Nineteenth-Century America,“ American Historical Review 100 (October 1995): 1061–94; Lears, No Place of Grace, ch. 4.Google Scholar

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20 See for example the account in McGreevy, John T. Catholicism and American Freedom: A History (New York: W. W. Norton, forthcoming).Google Scholar

21 Samson, G. W. “Jesuit Collegiate Instruction, As Affecting Present Questions of Education and Society,“ in Proceedings of the National Baptist Educational Convention (New York: Brooklyn Baptist Social Union, 1870), 130, 131.Google Scholar

22 Eliot's views on the Catholic Church and modern science can be found in Eliot to Thomas Dwight, 1 September 1908; Dwight to Eliot, 3 September 1908; Eliot to Dwight, 8 September 1908; and Dwight to Eliot, 11 September 1908. (The quotations are from Eliot's letter of 8 September.) Correspondence is located in the Harvard University Archives, UAI.5.150, box 210. Also see Eliot, Charles W. “Recent Changes in Secondary Education,“ Atlantic Monthly 84 (October 1899), 443. Mahoney, Kathleen “Fin-de-Siècle Catholics: Insiders and Outsiders at Harvard,” U.S. Catholic Historian 13 (Fall 1995): 19-48.Google Scholar

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