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The past few years have been particularly troublesome for the American people, not the least of the worries being a concern with the Russian challenge to the American way of life. The incredible successes of the Russians in orbiting satellites and exploding nuclear weapons has been both a disturbing and a sobering thought to the United States, long secure in its isolation and power, and in the belief that it was the best society on earth. More than a decade ago an enduring Pax Americana based upon the unilateral possession of the atomic bomb disappeared; with the launching of various Sputniki since 1958 morale has dropped even lower.
1. For a discussion of this see Odinetz, D. M., et al, Russian Schools and Universities in the World War (New Haven, 1929), 31ff.Google Scholar
2. Dewey develops the idea in a collection of essays, Characters and Events (New York, 1929). See particularly Vol. II, 500 ff.Google Scholar
3. Perhaps a pioneer study in the United States is Bruner's, Jerome The Process of Education (Cambridge, 1960).Google Scholar
4. An account of this development will be found in James Bowen, Soviet Education: Anton Makarenko and the Years of Experiment (Madison, Wisconsin, 1962). The postwar efforts of the Soviet psychologists are well presented in Ralph Winn's translation of a psychological symposium Soviet Psychology (New York, 1961).Google Scholar