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Child-Saving
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 February 2017
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- Copyright © 1986 by the History of Education Society
References
1. Rodgers, Daniel T., “In Search of Progressivism,” Reviews in American History 10 (Dec. 1982): 113–32. Children also preoccupied social reform energies in other countries at the same time. For example, on Canada see Sutherland, Neil, Children in English-Canadian Society: Framing the Twentieth-Century Consensus (Toronto, 1976). For an extended discussion of the themes raised in this review, see my book, In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History of Welfare in America (New York: Basic Books, 1986), ch.5; Proceedings of the Conference on the Care of Dependent Children Held at Washington, D.C., on January 25, 26, 1909, 60th Congress, 2d Session, Senate, Document No. 721 (Washington, D.C., 1909), 6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Trattner, Walter I., Homer Folks: Pioneer in Social Welfare (New York, 1968); Trattner, Walter I., Crusade for the Children: A History of the National Child Labor Committee and Child Labor Reform in America (Chicago, 1970). For Folks's own views, see his The Care of Destitute, Neglected, and Delinquent Children (New York, 1902; reprinted 1978). A particularly eloquent and vivid manifesto of the child-saving movement is, Spargo, John, The Bitter Cry of the Children, ed. Trattner, Walter I. (New York, 1906; Quadrangle/New York Times edition, 1968).Google Scholar
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10. Behlmer, , Child Abuse, passim.Google Scholar
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18. Ashby, Saving the Waifs, 5. This interpretation conflicts with Paul Boyer's which stresses the secularization of philanthropy in the late nineteenth century. Boyer, Paul S., Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820–1920 (Cambridge, Mass., 1978), 167–68.Google Scholar
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21. Ibid., 130. For a summary of the arguments for and against mothers' pensions, see Bullock, Edna D., comp., Selected Articles on Mothers' Pensions (White Plains and New York, 1925).Google Scholar
22. White House Conference, Proceedings, 89. On changes in child psychology, see Cavallo, , Muscles and Morals, 49–50.Google Scholar
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24. In a fascinating last chapter, Zelizer points out that only as women have begun to reenter the labor force in large numbers and to reject the doctrines of domesticity and separate spheres has the ideal of the priceless (and useless) child begun to crumble. She speculates that a new version of the “useful” child, expected to help with domestic tasks and share responsibility, may be emerging. Zelizer, , Pricing the Priceless Child, 208–28.Google Scholar
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