No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Law and History in Angola: The Collection of Court Cases in the Benguela District Court (1850–1945)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 February 2025
Abstract
Court records are rich primary sources to social historians, and much attention has been paid to these types of documents in different African territories. In most cases only summaries have survived, but in Angola complete proceedings have been preserved. Examining the court case collection available at the Benguela District Court, we discuss its strengths and methodological challenges, and present possible themes for future research. The use of these records reveals new aspects of the Angolan past, including more information on local norms and the ability of African women to use the Portuguese courts.
Résumé
Les archives judiciaires sont des sources très riches pour les historien·nes des sociétés ; une grande attention a déjà été accordée à ce type de documents dans différents territoires africains. Dans la plupart des cas, seuls des résumés ont survécu, mais en Angola, des procédures complètes ont été préservées. Cet article examine les archives des affaires judiciaires disponibles au tribunal de district de Benguela et nous permet de discuter de leurs points forts et leurs défis méthodologiques. Nous présentons aussi des thèmes possibles pour des recherches futures. L’utilisation de ces documents révèle de nouveaux aspects du passé angolais et nous fournit davantage d’informations sur les normes locales et la capacité des femmes africaines à utiliser les tribunaux portugais.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of African Studies Association
References
References
Arquivo Nacional de Angola (ANA)Google Scholar
Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Portugal (ANTT)Google Scholar
Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino, Portugal (AHU)Google Scholar
Boletim Oficial do Governo Geral da Província de Angola (BOGGPA)Google Scholar
Memorial de Ministros: letrados e lugares de letras. Portugal e ultramar, 1620–1830. Available at https://memorialdeministros.weebly.com/.Google Scholar
Portugal, Decreto de 7 de dezembro de 1836. Lisbon, 1836.Google Scholar
Portugal, Decreto que aprovou o regimento de administração da justiça em Angola e S. Tomé e Príncipe. Lisbon, 1852.Google Scholar
Portugal, Decreto de 14 de novembro de 1878. Lisbon, 1878.Google Scholar
Primeiro Centenário Do Tribunal Da Relação de Luanda: 1856-1956. Luanda: Imprensa Nacional. 1956.Google Scholar
Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, Portugal (STJ)Google Scholar
Tribunal da Comarca de Benguela, Angola (TCB)Google Scholar
Tribunal da Relação de Luanda. Acórdãos do Tribunal da Relação de Luanda. Luanda: Imprensa Nacional. 1904.Google Scholar
Bastos, Augusto. “Traços geraes sobre a ethnographia do districto de Benguella.” Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa 26, no. 1 (1908): 5–15, 44–56.Google Scholar
Batalhas, Fernando. A Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo da Cidade de Benguela. Luanda: Museu de Angola, 1950.Google Scholar
Bay, Edna G. Wives of the Leopard Gender, Politics, and Culture in the Kingdom of Dahomey. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Bezerra, Nielson Rosa. “Mesmas margens de outros portos: marinheiros africanos e tráfico Atlântico no Recôncavo da Guanabara.” Revista de História Comparada 7, no. 1 (2013): 244–261.Google Scholar
Bolota, Abel Augusto B. G. Benguela, cidade: mãe de cidades. Benguela: Câmara Municipal de Benguela, 1967.Google Scholar
Booth, Alan. “European Courts Protect Women and Witches: Colonial Law Courts as Redistributors of Power in Swaziland (1920–1950).” Journal of Southern African Studies 18 (1992): 252–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boxer, C. R. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602–1686. London: University of London, 1952.Google Scholar
Brooks, George E. “A Nhara of Guine-Bissau Region: Mãe Aurélia Correia.” In Women and Slavery in Africa, edited by Robertson, Claire C. and Klein, Martin A., 295–317. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Brooks, George E.. “The Signares of Saint-Louis and Gorée: Women Entrepreneurs in Eighteenth Century Senegal.” In Women in Africa. Studies in Social and Economic Change, edited by Hafkin, Nancy and Bay, Edna, 19–44. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Burrill, Emily. States of Marriage: Gender, Justice, and Rights in Colonial Mali. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Cabral, Gustavo César Machado. “Recursos ultramarinos: apelações e agravos cíveis da América portuguesa à Casa da Suplicação de Lisboa (1754–1822).” Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro 487 (2021).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camarinhas, Nuno. “Justice Administration in Early Modern Portugal: Kingdom and Empire in a Bureaucratic Continuum.” Portuguese Journal of Social Science 12 (2013): 179–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “African Businesswomen in the Age of Second Slavery in Angola.” In The Atlantic and Africa: The Second Slavery and Beyond, edited by Tomich, Dale and Lovejoy, Paul E., 179–201. Albany, NY: SUNY Albany, 2021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “African Freedom Suits and Portuguese Vassal Status: Legal Mechanisms for Fighting Enslavement in Benguela, Angola, 1800–1830.” Slavery & Abolition 32, no. 3 (2011): 447–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. An African Slaving Port and the Atlantic World: Benguela and Its Hinterland. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “Conquest, Occupation, Colonialism and Exclusion: Land Disputes in Angola.” In Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires, edited by Serrão, José Vicente, Direito, Bárbara, Rodrigues, Eugénia, and Miranda, Susana Münch, 223–233. Lisbon: CEHC-IUL, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “Slave Trade and New Identities in Benguela, 1700–1860.” Portuguese Studies Review 19, no. 1–2 (2011): 59–75.Google Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “South Atlantic Exchanges: The Role of Brazilian-Born Agents in Benguela, 1650–1850.” Luso-Brazilian Review 50, no. 1 (2013): 53–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “Understanding African Women’s Access to Landed Property in Nineteenth-Century Benguela.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 54, no. 3 (2020): 395–417.Google Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. Wealth Land, and Property in Angola: A History of Dispossession, Slavery, and Inequality. African Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “Women’s Material World in Nineteenth-Century Benguela.” In African Women in the Atlantic World: Property, Vulnerability and Mobility, 1660-1880, edited by Candido, Mariana P. and Jones, Adam, 70–85. Woodbridge: James Currey, 2019.Google Scholar
Candido, Mariana P., Paes, Mariana Dias, and Ngãla, Juelma Matos. História e Direito em Angola: Os processos Judiciais do Tribunal da Comarca de Benguela (sécs. XIX–XX). Frankfurt: Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory, 2023.Google Scholar
Candido, Mariana P., and Lima e Souza, Monica. “Dona Florinda Josefa Gaspar (ca. 1791–1862).” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History, 21 Aug. 2024; Accessed 25 Oct. 2024. https://oxfordre-com./africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-96Google Scholar
Ceita, Maria Nazaré de. A Curadoria Geral Dos Serviçais e Colonos, S. Tomé e Príncipe. Lisbon: Novembro, 2021.Google Scholar
Chanock, Martin. Law, Custom, and Social Order: The Colonial Experience in Malawi and Zambia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Christelow, Allan. Muslim Law Courts and the French Colonial State in Algeria. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Clarence-Smith, W. G. Slaves, Peasants, and Capitalists in Southern Angola, 1840–1926. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Coghe, Samuël. Population Politics in the Tropics: Demography, Health and Transimperialism in Colonial Angola. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.Google Scholar
Curto, José C., Luce, Frank, and Madeira-Santos, Catarina. “The Arquivo da Comarca Judicial de Benguela: Problems and Potentialities.” Africana Studia 25 (2015).Google Scholar
Dias, Jill. “Uma questão de identidade: Respostas intelectuais às transformações económicas no seio da elite crioula de Angola portuguesa entre 1870 e 1930.” Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos (1984): 61–94.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “As senhoras nos tribunais: mulheres casadas e controle da mão de obra no Brasil Império.” In Trabalhadoras e trabalhadores: capítulos de história social, edited by Amaral, Deivison and Popinigis, Fabiane, 85–116. Rio de Janeiro: Paço Editorial, 2022.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. Esclavos y Tierras Entre Posesión y Títulos: La Construcción Social Del Derecho de Propiedad En Brasil, Siglo XIX. Frankfurt am Main: Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory, 2021.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. Escravidão e direito. O estatuto jurídico dos escravos no Brasil oitocentista (1860–1888). São Paulo: Alameda, 2019.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “Legal Files and Empires: Form and Materiality of the Benguela District Court Documents.” Administory 4 (2019): 53–70.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “Registro e colonialismo em Angola.” In Historical Perspectives on Property and Land Law: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue on Methods and Research Approaches, edited by Malaspina, Elisabetta and Tarozzi, Simona, 161–76. Madrid: Dykinson, 2019.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “Shared Atlantic Legal Culture: The Case of a Freedom Suit in Benguela.” Atlantic Studies 17, no. 3 (2020): 419–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “Uma cultura jurídica atlântica compartilhada: um processo judicial em Benguela.” Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Katyavala Bwila 3 (2023): 155–194.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana, Sirotti, Raquel Razente, Ngãla, Juelma Matos, and Souza, Maysa Espíndola. “Os processos judiciais e a escrita da história em África.” Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory Research Paper Series 13 (2022).Google Scholar
Dickerman, Carol. “The Use of Court Records as Sources for African History: Some Examples from Bujumbura, Burundi.” History in Africa 11 (1984): 69–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dulley, Iracema. “Chronicles of Bailundo: A Fragmentary Account in Umbundu of Life before and after Portuguese Colonial Rule.” Africa 91, no. 5 (2021): 713–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Espíndola Souza, Maysa. “O trabalho dos menores na Guiné Portuguesa: direito, colonialism e dependência (1917–1935).” Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Katyavala Bwila 3 (2023): 197–225.Google Scholar
Farias, Juliana Barreto, Santos Gomes, Flávio, and Soares, Carlos Eugênio Líbano. “Primeiras Reflexões Sobre Travessias e Retornos: Africanos Cabindas, Redes Do Tráfico e Diásporas Num Rio de Janeiro Atlântico.” Textos de História 12 (2004): 65–105.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Roquinaldo. “Biografia como história social: o clã Ferreira Gomes e os mundos da escravização no Atlântico Sul.” Varia Historia 29, no. 51 (2013): 679–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, Roquinaldo. Cross-Cultural Exchange in the Atlantic World: Angola and Brazil during the Era of the Slave Trade. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, Roquinaldo. “Le genre biographique comme histoire sociale: la famille Ferreira Gomes dans l’Atlantique sud du xixe siècle.” Brésil(s) 6, no. 6 (2014): 143–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figueiredo, João. “A questão das ‘Ouvidas’, ou a disputa entre autoridades civis e militares pelo julgamento de ‘causas gentílicas’ na Angola de meados do século XIX.” Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, no. 30 (2015): 81–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freitas, Idalina. “Leonardo Africano Ferreira: um médico negro entre Angola, Brasil e São Tomé e Príncipe (1830–1870).” Afro-Ásia 65 (2022): 378–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freudenthal, Aida. Arimos e fazendas: a transição agrária em Angola, 1850–1880. Luanda: Chá de Caxinde, 2005.Google Scholar
Freudenthal, Aida. “Benguela: da feitoria à cidade colonial.” Fontes & Estudos 6–7 (2011): 197–229.Google Scholar
Fuente, Alejandro de la. “Denominaciones étnicas de los esclavos introducidos en Cuba, siglos XVI y XVII.” Annales del Caribe 6 (1986): 75–96.Google Scholar
Fuente, Alejandro de la. Havana and the Atlantic in the Sixteenth Century. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Gocking, Roger. “Colonial Rule and the Legal Factor in Ghana and Lesotho.” Africa 67 (1997): 61–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goheen, Miriam. Men Own the Fields, Women Own the Crops: Gender and Power in the Cameroon Grassfields. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Gomes, Armindo Jaime. Ovimbundo pré-colonais. Contribuição ao estudo sobre os planaltos de Angola. Benguela: CACUL, 2016.Google Scholar
Green, Toby, Havik, Philip J., and da Silva, Filipa Ribeiro, eds. African Voices from the Inquisition. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutierrez, Manuel. Recherches Archéologiques En Angola : Préhistoire, Art Rupestre, Archéologie Funéraire. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2008.Google Scholar
Havik, Philip J. “Gender, Land, and Trade: Women’s Agency and Colonial Change in Portuguese Guinea (West Africa).” African Economic History 43, no. 1 (2016): 162–195.Google Scholar
Havik, Philip J. Silences and Soundbites: The Gendered Dynamics of Trade and Brokerage in the Pre-Colonial Guinea Bissau Region. Münster: LIT Verlag, 2004.Google Scholar
Hay, Margaret and Wright, Marcia, eds. African Women and the Law: Historical Perspectives. Boston, MA: Boston University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Hespanha, António Manuel. “Form and Content in Early Modern Legal Books.” Rechtsgeschichte-Legal History 12 (2008): 12–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibhawoh, Bonny. Imperial Justice: Africans in Empire’s Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jean-Baptiste, Rachel. Conjugal Rights: Marriage, Sexuality, and Urban Life in Colonial Libreville, Gabon. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Jones, Adam. “Female Slave-Owners on the Gold Coast: Just a Matter of Money?” In Slave Cultures and the Cultures of Slavery, edited by Palmié, Step, 100–111. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Jones, Hilary. The Métis of Senegal: Urban Life and Politics in French West Africa. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Kambundo, Bruno. “Os acontecimentos de Lucala e Ndalatando.” Unpublished Master’s thesis, Instituto Superior de Educação, Luanda, Angola, 2017.Google Scholar
Konaté, Dior. Prison Architecture and Punishment in Colonial Senegal. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2018.Google Scholar
Lawrance, Benjamin N., Osborn, Emily Lynn, and Roberts, Richard L., eds. Intermediaries, Interpreters, and Clerks: African Employees in the Making of Colonial Africa. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Lourenço, João Pedro. “O discurso contestatário dos africanos na imprensa: reflexões à volta da ‘Carta aberta ao bacharel Balthazar Britto Rocha d’Aguiam.” In Actas do III Encontro Internacional de História de Angola, 29–48. Luanda: Arquivo Nacional de Angola, 2015.Google Scholar
Madeira-Santos, Catarina. “Esclavage africain et traite atlantique confrontés: transactions langagières et juridiques (à propos du tribunal de mucanos dans l’Angola des xviie et xviiie siècles).” Brésil (s). Sciences Humaines et Sociales 1 (2012): 127–148.Google Scholar
Mann, Kristin. “Women, Landed Property, and the Accumulation of Wealth in Early Colonial Lagos.” Signs 16, no. 4 (1991): 682–706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, Kristin, and Roberts, Richard L., eds. Law in Colonial Africa. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1991.Google Scholar
Marglin, Jessica. Across Legal Lines: Jews and Muslims in Modern Morocco. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesfin, Isis, Pleurdeau, David, Benjamin, Maria Helena, and Forestier, Hubert. “An Overview of Stranded Cetacean Scavenging in Atlantic Southern Africa since the Earlier Stone Age.” Les Nouvelles de l’archéologie 166 (2021): 64–69.Google Scholar
Nafafé, José Lingna. Lourenço Da Silva Mendonça and the Black Atlantic. The Abolitionist Movement in the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2022.Google Scholar
Neto, Maria da Conceição. “The Colonial State and Its Non-Citizens: Native Courts and Judicial Duality in Angola.” Portuguese Studies Review 25 (2017): 235–253.Google Scholar
Nogueira da Silva, Cristina. A construção jurídica dos territórios ultramarinos portugueses no século XIX. Modelos, doutrinas e leis. Lisbon: Imprensa da Ciências Sociais, 2017.Google Scholar
Nogueira da Silva, Cristina. “Uma Justiça Liberal Para o Ultramar? Direito e Organização Judiciária Nas Províncias Ultramarinas Portuguesas Do Século XIX.” Revista Do Ministério Público 103 (2006).Google Scholar
Oliveira, Vanessa S. Slave Trade and Abolition. Gender, Commerce and Economic Transition in Luanda. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pacheco, Carlos. “Arsénio Pompílio Pompeu de Carpo: uma vida de luta contra as prepotências do poder colonial em Angola.” Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos 16–17 (1992): 49–102.Google Scholar
Pacheco, Carlos.
José da Silva Ferreira: o homem e a sua época
. Luanda: União dos escritores angolanos, 1990.Google Scholar
da Silva, Ribeiro Jr., Airton. “Magistrates’ Travelling Libraries: The Circulation of Normative Knowledge in the Portuguese Empire of the Late 18th Century.” Rechtsgeschichte-Legal History 29 (2012): 128–141.Google Scholar
Roberts, Richard L. Conflicts of Colonialism: The Rule of Law, French Soudan, and Faama Mademba Sèye. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.Google Scholar
Roberts, Richard L.. Litigants and Households: African Disputes and Colonial Courts in the French Soudan, 1895–1912. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2005.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Eugénia. “Women, Land, and Power in the Zambezi Valley of the Eighteenth Century.” African Economic History 43, no. 1 (2015): 19–56.Google Scholar
Rossi, Benedetta. “Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage: le droit colonial, la Societé des Nations et la resistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920–1930.” Annales 72 (2017): 983–1021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, Eduardo Estevam. “Imprensa, raça e civilização: José de Fontes Pereira e o pensamento intelectual angolano no século XIX.” Afro-Ásia 61 (2020): 118–157.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Elizabeth. “Negotiated Spaces and Contested Terrain: Men, Women and the Law in Colonial Zimbabwe (1890–1939).” Journal of Southern African Studies 16 (1990): 622–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, Kara D. “‘The Kingdom of Angola Is Not Very Far from Here’: The South Atlantic Slave Port of Buenos Aires, 1585–1640.” Slavery & Abolition 36, no. 3 (2015): 424–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. “Holding the World in Balance: The Connected Histories of the Iberian Overseas Empires, 1500–1640.” The American Historical Review 112, no. 5 (2007): 1359–1385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tams, Georg. Visitas às possessões portuguesas na costa occidental d’Africa: com uma introdução e anotações. Lisbon: Typographia da Revista, 1850.Google Scholar
Tavares, Ana Paula, and Santos, Catarina Madeira, eds. Africæ Monumenta: Arquivo Caculo Cacahenda. Lisbon: Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, 2002.Google Scholar
Thomaz, Fernanda. Casaco Que Se Despe Pelas Costas: História Do Colonialismo, Justiça e Agências Africanas Em Moçambique. Juiz de Fora, MG: Editora UFJF, 2022.Google Scholar
Thornberry, Elizabeth. Colonizing Consent: Rape and Governance in South Africa’s Eastern Cape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Thornton, John K. “The Correspondence of the Kongo Kings, 1614–35: Problems of Internal Written Evidence on a Central African Kingdom.” Paideuma 33 (1987): 407–421.Google Scholar
Torres, Adelino. O império português entre o real e o imaginário. Lisbon: Escher, 1991.Google Scholar
Vos, Jelmer. “Coffee, Cash, and Consumption: Rethinking Commodity Production in the Global South.” Radical History Review 2018, no. 131 (2018): 183–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arquivo Nacional de Angola (ANA)Google Scholar
Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Portugal (ANTT)Google Scholar
Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino, Portugal (AHU)Google Scholar
Boletim Oficial do Governo Geral da Província de Angola (BOGGPA)Google Scholar
Memorial de Ministros: letrados e lugares de letras. Portugal e ultramar, 1620–1830. Available at https://memorialdeministros.weebly.com/.Google Scholar
Portugal, Decreto de 7 de dezembro de 1836. Lisbon, 1836.Google Scholar
Portugal, Decreto que aprovou o regimento de administração da justiça em Angola e S. Tomé e Príncipe. Lisbon, 1852.Google Scholar
Portugal, Decreto de 14 de novembro de 1878. Lisbon, 1878.Google Scholar
Primeiro Centenário Do Tribunal Da Relação de Luanda: 1856-1956. Luanda: Imprensa Nacional. 1956.Google Scholar
Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, Portugal (STJ)Google Scholar
Tribunal da Comarca de Benguela, Angola (TCB)Google Scholar
Tribunal da Relação de Luanda. Acórdãos do Tribunal da Relação de Luanda. Luanda: Imprensa Nacional. 1904.Google Scholar
Bastos, Augusto. “Traços geraes sobre a ethnographia do districto de Benguella.” Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa 26, no. 1 (1908): 5–15, 44–56.Google Scholar
Batalhas, Fernando. A Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo da Cidade de Benguela. Luanda: Museu de Angola, 1950.Google Scholar
Bay, Edna G. Wives of the Leopard Gender, Politics, and Culture in the Kingdom of Dahomey. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Bezerra, Nielson Rosa. “Mesmas margens de outros portos: marinheiros africanos e tráfico Atlântico no Recôncavo da Guanabara.” Revista de História Comparada 7, no. 1 (2013): 244–261.Google Scholar
Bolota, Abel Augusto B. G. Benguela, cidade: mãe de cidades. Benguela: Câmara Municipal de Benguela, 1967.Google Scholar
Booth, Alan. “European Courts Protect Women and Witches: Colonial Law Courts as Redistributors of Power in Swaziland (1920–1950).” Journal of Southern African Studies 18 (1992): 252–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boxer, C. R. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602–1686. London: University of London, 1952.Google Scholar
Brooks, George E. “A Nhara of Guine-Bissau Region: Mãe Aurélia Correia.” In Women and Slavery in Africa, edited by Robertson, Claire C. and Klein, Martin A., 295–317. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Brooks, George E.. “The Signares of Saint-Louis and Gorée: Women Entrepreneurs in Eighteenth Century Senegal.” In Women in Africa. Studies in Social and Economic Change, edited by Hafkin, Nancy and Bay, Edna, 19–44. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Burrill, Emily. States of Marriage: Gender, Justice, and Rights in Colonial Mali. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Cabral, Gustavo César Machado. “Recursos ultramarinos: apelações e agravos cíveis da América portuguesa à Casa da Suplicação de Lisboa (1754–1822).” Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro 487 (2021).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camarinhas, Nuno. “Justice Administration in Early Modern Portugal: Kingdom and Empire in a Bureaucratic Continuum.” Portuguese Journal of Social Science 12 (2013): 179–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “African Businesswomen in the Age of Second Slavery in Angola.” In The Atlantic and Africa: The Second Slavery and Beyond, edited by Tomich, Dale and Lovejoy, Paul E., 179–201. Albany, NY: SUNY Albany, 2021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “African Freedom Suits and Portuguese Vassal Status: Legal Mechanisms for Fighting Enslavement in Benguela, Angola, 1800–1830.” Slavery & Abolition 32, no. 3 (2011): 447–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. An African Slaving Port and the Atlantic World: Benguela and Its Hinterland. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “Conquest, Occupation, Colonialism and Exclusion: Land Disputes in Angola.” In Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires, edited by Serrão, José Vicente, Direito, Bárbara, Rodrigues, Eugénia, and Miranda, Susana Münch, 223–233. Lisbon: CEHC-IUL, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “Slave Trade and New Identities in Benguela, 1700–1860.” Portuguese Studies Review 19, no. 1–2 (2011): 59–75.Google Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “South Atlantic Exchanges: The Role of Brazilian-Born Agents in Benguela, 1650–1850.” Luso-Brazilian Review 50, no. 1 (2013): 53–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “Understanding African Women’s Access to Landed Property in Nineteenth-Century Benguela.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 54, no. 3 (2020): 395–417.Google Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. Wealth Land, and Property in Angola: A History of Dispossession, Slavery, and Inequality. African Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, Mariana P. “Women’s Material World in Nineteenth-Century Benguela.” In African Women in the Atlantic World: Property, Vulnerability and Mobility, 1660-1880, edited by Candido, Mariana P. and Jones, Adam, 70–85. Woodbridge: James Currey, 2019.Google Scholar
Candido, Mariana P., Paes, Mariana Dias, and Ngãla, Juelma Matos. História e Direito em Angola: Os processos Judiciais do Tribunal da Comarca de Benguela (sécs. XIX–XX). Frankfurt: Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory, 2023.Google Scholar
Candido, Mariana P., and Lima e Souza, Monica. “Dona Florinda Josefa Gaspar (ca. 1791–1862).” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History, 21 Aug. 2024; Accessed 25 Oct. 2024. https://oxfordre-com./africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-96Google Scholar
Ceita, Maria Nazaré de. A Curadoria Geral Dos Serviçais e Colonos, S. Tomé e Príncipe. Lisbon: Novembro, 2021.Google Scholar
Chanock, Martin. Law, Custom, and Social Order: The Colonial Experience in Malawi and Zambia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Christelow, Allan. Muslim Law Courts and the French Colonial State in Algeria. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Clarence-Smith, W. G. Slaves, Peasants, and Capitalists in Southern Angola, 1840–1926. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Coghe, Samuël. Population Politics in the Tropics: Demography, Health and Transimperialism in Colonial Angola. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.Google Scholar
Curto, José C., Luce, Frank, and Madeira-Santos, Catarina. “The Arquivo da Comarca Judicial de Benguela: Problems and Potentialities.” Africana Studia 25 (2015).Google Scholar
Dias, Jill. “Uma questão de identidade: Respostas intelectuais às transformações económicas no seio da elite crioula de Angola portuguesa entre 1870 e 1930.” Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos (1984): 61–94.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “As senhoras nos tribunais: mulheres casadas e controle da mão de obra no Brasil Império.” In Trabalhadoras e trabalhadores: capítulos de história social, edited by Amaral, Deivison and Popinigis, Fabiane, 85–116. Rio de Janeiro: Paço Editorial, 2022.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. Esclavos y Tierras Entre Posesión y Títulos: La Construcción Social Del Derecho de Propiedad En Brasil, Siglo XIX. Frankfurt am Main: Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory, 2021.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. Escravidão e direito. O estatuto jurídico dos escravos no Brasil oitocentista (1860–1888). São Paulo: Alameda, 2019.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “Legal Files and Empires: Form and Materiality of the Benguela District Court Documents.” Administory 4 (2019): 53–70.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “Registro e colonialismo em Angola.” In Historical Perspectives on Property and Land Law: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue on Methods and Research Approaches, edited by Malaspina, Elisabetta and Tarozzi, Simona, 161–76. Madrid: Dykinson, 2019.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “Shared Atlantic Legal Culture: The Case of a Freedom Suit in Benguela.” Atlantic Studies 17, no. 3 (2020): 419–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana. “Uma cultura jurídica atlântica compartilhada: um processo judicial em Benguela.” Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Katyavala Bwila 3 (2023): 155–194.Google Scholar
Dias Paes, Mariana, Sirotti, Raquel Razente, Ngãla, Juelma Matos, and Souza, Maysa Espíndola. “Os processos judiciais e a escrita da história em África.” Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory Research Paper Series 13 (2022).Google Scholar
Dickerman, Carol. “The Use of Court Records as Sources for African History: Some Examples from Bujumbura, Burundi.” History in Africa 11 (1984): 69–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dulley, Iracema. “Chronicles of Bailundo: A Fragmentary Account in Umbundu of Life before and after Portuguese Colonial Rule.” Africa 91, no. 5 (2021): 713–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Espíndola Souza, Maysa. “O trabalho dos menores na Guiné Portuguesa: direito, colonialism e dependência (1917–1935).” Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Katyavala Bwila 3 (2023): 197–225.Google Scholar
Farias, Juliana Barreto, Santos Gomes, Flávio, and Soares, Carlos Eugênio Líbano. “Primeiras Reflexões Sobre Travessias e Retornos: Africanos Cabindas, Redes Do Tráfico e Diásporas Num Rio de Janeiro Atlântico.” Textos de História 12 (2004): 65–105.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Roquinaldo. “Biografia como história social: o clã Ferreira Gomes e os mundos da escravização no Atlântico Sul.” Varia Historia 29, no. 51 (2013): 679–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, Roquinaldo. Cross-Cultural Exchange in the Atlantic World: Angola and Brazil during the Era of the Slave Trade. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, Roquinaldo. “Le genre biographique comme histoire sociale: la famille Ferreira Gomes dans l’Atlantique sud du xixe siècle.” Brésil(s) 6, no. 6 (2014): 143–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figueiredo, João. “A questão das ‘Ouvidas’, ou a disputa entre autoridades civis e militares pelo julgamento de ‘causas gentílicas’ na Angola de meados do século XIX.” Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, no. 30 (2015): 81–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freitas, Idalina. “Leonardo Africano Ferreira: um médico negro entre Angola, Brasil e São Tomé e Príncipe (1830–1870).” Afro-Ásia 65 (2022): 378–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freudenthal, Aida. Arimos e fazendas: a transição agrária em Angola, 1850–1880. Luanda: Chá de Caxinde, 2005.Google Scholar
Freudenthal, Aida. “Benguela: da feitoria à cidade colonial.” Fontes & Estudos 6–7 (2011): 197–229.Google Scholar
Fuente, Alejandro de la. “Denominaciones étnicas de los esclavos introducidos en Cuba, siglos XVI y XVII.” Annales del Caribe 6 (1986): 75–96.Google Scholar
Fuente, Alejandro de la. Havana and the Atlantic in the Sixteenth Century. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Gocking, Roger. “Colonial Rule and the Legal Factor in Ghana and Lesotho.” Africa 67 (1997): 61–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goheen, Miriam. Men Own the Fields, Women Own the Crops: Gender and Power in the Cameroon Grassfields. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Gomes, Armindo Jaime. Ovimbundo pré-colonais. Contribuição ao estudo sobre os planaltos de Angola. Benguela: CACUL, 2016.Google Scholar
Green, Toby, Havik, Philip J., and da Silva, Filipa Ribeiro, eds. African Voices from the Inquisition. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutierrez, Manuel. Recherches Archéologiques En Angola : Préhistoire, Art Rupestre, Archéologie Funéraire. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2008.Google Scholar
Havik, Philip J. “Gender, Land, and Trade: Women’s Agency and Colonial Change in Portuguese Guinea (West Africa).” African Economic History 43, no. 1 (2016): 162–195.Google Scholar
Havik, Philip J. Silences and Soundbites: The Gendered Dynamics of Trade and Brokerage in the Pre-Colonial Guinea Bissau Region. Münster: LIT Verlag, 2004.Google Scholar
Hay, Margaret and Wright, Marcia, eds. African Women and the Law: Historical Perspectives. Boston, MA: Boston University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Hespanha, António Manuel. “Form and Content in Early Modern Legal Books.” Rechtsgeschichte-Legal History 12 (2008): 12–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibhawoh, Bonny. Imperial Justice: Africans in Empire’s Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jean-Baptiste, Rachel. Conjugal Rights: Marriage, Sexuality, and Urban Life in Colonial Libreville, Gabon. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Jones, Adam. “Female Slave-Owners on the Gold Coast: Just a Matter of Money?” In Slave Cultures and the Cultures of Slavery, edited by Palmié, Step, 100–111. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Jones, Hilary. The Métis of Senegal: Urban Life and Politics in French West Africa. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Kambundo, Bruno. “Os acontecimentos de Lucala e Ndalatando.” Unpublished Master’s thesis, Instituto Superior de Educação, Luanda, Angola, 2017.Google Scholar
Konaté, Dior. Prison Architecture and Punishment in Colonial Senegal. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2018.Google Scholar
Lawrance, Benjamin N., Osborn, Emily Lynn, and Roberts, Richard L., eds. Intermediaries, Interpreters, and Clerks: African Employees in the Making of Colonial Africa. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Lourenço, João Pedro. “O discurso contestatário dos africanos na imprensa: reflexões à volta da ‘Carta aberta ao bacharel Balthazar Britto Rocha d’Aguiam.” In Actas do III Encontro Internacional de História de Angola, 29–48. Luanda: Arquivo Nacional de Angola, 2015.Google Scholar
Madeira-Santos, Catarina. “Esclavage africain et traite atlantique confrontés: transactions langagières et juridiques (à propos du tribunal de mucanos dans l’Angola des xviie et xviiie siècles).” Brésil (s). Sciences Humaines et Sociales 1 (2012): 127–148.Google Scholar
Mann, Kristin. “Women, Landed Property, and the Accumulation of Wealth in Early Colonial Lagos.” Signs 16, no. 4 (1991): 682–706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, Kristin, and Roberts, Richard L., eds. Law in Colonial Africa. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1991.Google Scholar
Marglin, Jessica. Across Legal Lines: Jews and Muslims in Modern Morocco. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesfin, Isis, Pleurdeau, David, Benjamin, Maria Helena, and Forestier, Hubert. “An Overview of Stranded Cetacean Scavenging in Atlantic Southern Africa since the Earlier Stone Age.” Les Nouvelles de l’archéologie 166 (2021): 64–69.Google Scholar
Nafafé, José Lingna. Lourenço Da Silva Mendonça and the Black Atlantic. The Abolitionist Movement in the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2022.Google Scholar
Neto, Maria da Conceição. “The Colonial State and Its Non-Citizens: Native Courts and Judicial Duality in Angola.” Portuguese Studies Review 25 (2017): 235–253.Google Scholar
Nogueira da Silva, Cristina. A construção jurídica dos territórios ultramarinos portugueses no século XIX. Modelos, doutrinas e leis. Lisbon: Imprensa da Ciências Sociais, 2017.Google Scholar
Nogueira da Silva, Cristina. “Uma Justiça Liberal Para o Ultramar? Direito e Organização Judiciária Nas Províncias Ultramarinas Portuguesas Do Século XIX.” Revista Do Ministério Público 103 (2006).Google Scholar
Oliveira, Vanessa S. Slave Trade and Abolition. Gender, Commerce and Economic Transition in Luanda. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pacheco, Carlos. “Arsénio Pompílio Pompeu de Carpo: uma vida de luta contra as prepotências do poder colonial em Angola.” Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos 16–17 (1992): 49–102.Google Scholar
Pacheco, Carlos.
José da Silva Ferreira: o homem e a sua época
. Luanda: União dos escritores angolanos, 1990.Google Scholar
da Silva, Ribeiro Jr., Airton. “Magistrates’ Travelling Libraries: The Circulation of Normative Knowledge in the Portuguese Empire of the Late 18th Century.” Rechtsgeschichte-Legal History 29 (2012): 128–141.Google Scholar
Roberts, Richard L. Conflicts of Colonialism: The Rule of Law, French Soudan, and Faama Mademba Sèye. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.Google Scholar
Roberts, Richard L.. Litigants and Households: African Disputes and Colonial Courts in the French Soudan, 1895–1912. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2005.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Eugénia. “Women, Land, and Power in the Zambezi Valley of the Eighteenth Century.” African Economic History 43, no. 1 (2015): 19–56.Google Scholar
Rossi, Benedetta. “Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage: le droit colonial, la Societé des Nations et la resistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920–1930.” Annales 72 (2017): 983–1021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, Eduardo Estevam. “Imprensa, raça e civilização: José de Fontes Pereira e o pensamento intelectual angolano no século XIX.” Afro-Ásia 61 (2020): 118–157.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Elizabeth. “Negotiated Spaces and Contested Terrain: Men, Women and the Law in Colonial Zimbabwe (1890–1939).” Journal of Southern African Studies 16 (1990): 622–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, Kara D. “‘The Kingdom of Angola Is Not Very Far from Here’: The South Atlantic Slave Port of Buenos Aires, 1585–1640.” Slavery & Abolition 36, no. 3 (2015): 424–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. “Holding the World in Balance: The Connected Histories of the Iberian Overseas Empires, 1500–1640.” The American Historical Review 112, no. 5 (2007): 1359–1385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tams, Georg. Visitas às possessões portuguesas na costa occidental d’Africa: com uma introdução e anotações. Lisbon: Typographia da Revista, 1850.Google Scholar
Tavares, Ana Paula, and Santos, Catarina Madeira, eds. Africæ Monumenta: Arquivo Caculo Cacahenda. Lisbon: Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, 2002.Google Scholar
Thomaz, Fernanda. Casaco Que Se Despe Pelas Costas: História Do Colonialismo, Justiça e Agências Africanas Em Moçambique. Juiz de Fora, MG: Editora UFJF, 2022.Google Scholar
Thornberry, Elizabeth. Colonizing Consent: Rape and Governance in South Africa’s Eastern Cape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Thornton, John K. “The Correspondence of the Kongo Kings, 1614–35: Problems of Internal Written Evidence on a Central African Kingdom.” Paideuma 33 (1987): 407–421.Google Scholar
Torres, Adelino. O império português entre o real e o imaginário. Lisbon: Escher, 1991.Google Scholar
Vos, Jelmer. “Coffee, Cash, and Consumption: Rethinking Commodity Production in the Global South.” Radical History Review 2018, no. 131 (2018): 183–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar