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The Northern Zanj, Demadim, Yamyam, Yam/Yamjam, Habasha/Ahabish, Zanj-Ahabish, and Zanj ed-Damadam – The Horn of Africa between the Ninth and Fifteenth Centuries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2019

Daniel Ayana
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Abstract:

This article argues that historians will have a new understanding of northeast and east Africa if they recall the medieval meaning of the terms Zanj and Ahabish, or Habasha. Before the fifteenth century the term Zanj included the diverse populations of northeast Africa, so should not be exclusive of the populations of coastal east Africa. Likewise, Habasha or Ahabish was not confined to the peoples of the northern Horn but included the diverse peoples of coastal east Africa. Uncovering older meanings of Zanj and Ahabish helps to identify elusive groups of ancient northeast Africans referred to as northern Zanj, Zanj-Ahabish, Ahabish, and Damadim. For identification, this article presents three types of historical data overlooked in the sources. The first consists of the interchangeable names northern Zanj, Damadim, Ahabish, Zanj-Ahabish, and Zanj ed-Damadim to recast the term Zanj and identify the Damadim or Yamyam. The second is the broadly inclusive meaning before the fifteenth century of the term Habasha. The third is the reported eloquence in their Buttaa ceremony of the northern Zanj, and the institutional setting of the Buttaa within the Oromo Gadaa system.

Résumé:

Cet article affirme que les historiens auront une nouvelle compréhension du Nord-Est et de l’Est de l’Afrique s’ils analysent la signification médiévale des termes Zanj et Ahabish, ou Habasha. Avant le XVe siècle, le terme Zanj faisait référence aux différentes populations du Nord-Est de l’Afrique. Il ne faudrait donc pas exclure les populations du littoral de l’Afrique de l’Est. De même, Habasha ou Ahabish ne se limitait pas aux peuplesdu Nord de la Corne de l’Afrique, mais comprenait les différents peuples de la côte est de l’Afrique. La découverte d’anciennes significations de Zanj et d’Ahabish aide à identifier des groupes insaisissables d’anciens Africains du Nord-Est appelés Zanj du Nord, Zanj-Ahabish, Ahabish et Damadim. Afin de les identifier, cet article présente trois types de données historiques négligées dans les sources. Premièrement, les noms interchangeables de Zanj du Nord, Damadim, Ahabish, Zanj-Ahabish et Zanj ed-Damadim qui servent à repenser le terme Zanj et à identifier les Damadim ou Yamyam. Deuxièmement, la signification largement ouverte avant le XVe siècle du terme Habasha. Troisièmement, l’éloquence rapportée des Zanj du Nord dans leur cérémonie du Buttaa et le cadre institutionnel du Buttaa dans le système Oromo Gadaa.

Type
Re-Mapping Africa
Information
History in Africa , Volume 46 , June 2019 , pp. 57 - 104
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 2019 

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