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The “Ketu Nation” of Brazilian Candomblé in Historical Context
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 May 2021
Abstract
The Afro-Brazilian religion of Candomblé arose during the Atlantic slave trade and has unmistakable Yorùbá influences. In the city of Salvador, the term nação ketu [Ketu nation] is used among the oldest temples in describing Yorùbá heritage. This has led some scholars to assume that the founders came from the Yorùbá kingdom by that name. This paper critically examines the idea of Kétu origins, taking as a case study the temple Ilê Axé Iyá Nassô Oká, a national historic heritage site in Brazil that is recognized by UNESCO as a site of diasporic memory. The paper shows that the first generations of leadership were dominated by people from Ọ̀yọ́ and that the term ketu emerged not as an allusion to ethnic origins but perhaps as a metaphor for a heterogeneous cultural context in which Yorùbá speakers from disparate regions lived in close coexistence.
Résumé
La religion afro-brésilienne du Candomblé est née pendant la traite des esclaves de l’Atlantique et connait des influences yoruba indéniables. Dans la ville de Salvador, le terme nação ketu [nation Ketu] est utilisé parmi les plus anciens temples pour décrire l’héritage Yorùbá. Cela a conduit certains chercheurs à supposer que les fondateurs venaient du royaume Yorùbá de ce nom. Cet article examine de manière critique l’idée des origines de Kétu, en prenant comme étude de cas le temple Ilê Axé Iyá Nassô Oká, un site du patrimoine historique national du Brésil reconnu par l’Unesco comme site de mémoire diasporique. L’article montre que les premières générations de dirigeants de ce temple étaient dominées par des personnes d’Ọ̀yọ́ et que le terme « ketu » n’est pas apparu comme une allusion aux origines ethniques, mais comme la métaphore d’un contexte culturel hétérogène dans lequel les locuteurs de yorùbá de régions disparates vivaient en étroite coexistence.
- Type
- Critical Historiography of Ethnicity in Africa and the African Diaspora
- Information
- Copyright
- © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the African Studies Association
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