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Nation, Duty, Character and Confidence: History at Oxford, 1850–1914

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Reba Soffer
Reba Soffer
Affiliation:
California State University, Northridge
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Extract

Modern history, introduced to Oxford in the 1850s, was a subject that was hardly ‘modern’. The governing bodies of the university, as well as its teachers, intended history to strengthen and perpetuate the traditional values of liberal education. Beginning with the fall of Rome and concluding in the eighteenth century, history was not an innovative or experimental study of recent, let alone contemporary, issues and events. Instead, the study of history began and continued as an epic illustration of the qualities required of England's governing elite. Within a rapidly changing society that found the future more compelling than the past, modern history organized history, politics, economics and law as testaments to the enduring qualities of individual character and national institutions. All the liberal disciplines at Oxford, as well as those at Cambridge and subsequently at the new civic universities, reflected a national consensus about moral progress and social order which was reinforced by the content of those disciplines. The general frame of mind and expectations could not be attributed uniquely to Oxford. But there can be little doubt about the powerful influence Oxford exercized upon those graduates who left the university to assume careers of considerable national importance. It may be argued that among the various disciplines, none made so earnest and sustained an attempt to produce the right kind of men, fit for any undertaking, as did the Honours School in Modern History.

Type
Articles
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 1987 , pp. 77 - 104
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

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References

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96 Within the colleges, Balliol had its own History Club in the 1880s, and in 1907 it existed again under F. F. Urquhart's leadership. Christ Church had a historical society, too. See too the Society for the Study of Social Ethics (renamed the Social Science Club in 1897); the Burke Society; the Oxford University Branch of the Christian Social Union; the Cabinet Club, the Edward Lhuyd Society; and the Oxford Economic Society. Miscellaneous papers, 1889–1914Google Scholar, Bodleian Library.

97 In 1897 boards of faculties were given authority to direct B.Litt. candidates; in 1907 a supervisor was paid to perform this function; in 1908 the B.Litt. degree in modern history came under the control of a standing committee composed of the regius professor and four members, elected by the Board of Modern History for a term of two years and eligible for re-election. Modern History Reports, 1, 53, 6 Mar. 1908. By April 1909, after three years of deliberation, the board established criteria for the D.Litt. which required publications from the candidates to be judged by at least two judges appointed by the board for each particular case. Modern History, 1, 42, 17 Feb. 1906 and 28 Apr. 1909.

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* The Modern Association's minute books were kindly made available to me by Harry Pitt, Fellow of Worcester and secretary of the history faculty.