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³ For a good general account, see Fry, Michael G., Lloyd George and foreign policy, I (Montreal, 1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴ His Who's who entry said of Dawson, , ‘Most of his books have been written for the purpose of interpreting German thought, life and character to English people, and particularly of expounding German practice in the treatment of social and industrial questions…’.Google Scholar

⁵ Harold, Spender, The fire of life (London, n.d.), pp. 161–6Google Scholar. At Carlsbad, Lloyd George met Clemenceau for the first time.

⁶ Pari. Deb., 5th ser., XXV, 615–16 (4 May 1911).

⁷ Lloyd George was in touch with Theodore Roosevelt during the 1912 presidential campaign, cf. D. Lloyd George to Mrs Lloyd George, 16 Oct. 1912, in Morgan, Kenneth O. (ed.), Lloyd George: family letters, c. 1885–1936 (Oxford and Cardiff, 1973), p. 164.Google Scholar

⁸ Fair, John D., Interplay conferences (Oxford, 1980), pp. 91ff.Google Scholar

⁹ George, D. Lloyd, The truth about the peace treaties, I (London, 1938), 231–2.Google Scholar

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¹¹ George, D. Lloyd, War memoirs (London, 1938), I, 8–16Google Scholar (with the Kaiser's annotations included).

¹² Ibid. 18–19.

¹³ Taylor, A. J. P., The struggle for mastery in Europe, 1848–1918 (Oxford, 1954), p. 471.Google Scholar

¹⁴ There is a good discussion in Gilbert, Bentley Brinkerhoff, David Lloyd George, I. Organizer of victory, 1912–1916, (Columbus, Ohio, 1992), pp. 74–9.Google Scholar

¹⁵ The Times, 18 July 1914.

¹⁶ Ibid. 20 Sept. 1914.

¹⁷ See Morgan, Kenneth O., ‘Peace movements in Wales, 1899–1945’, Welsh History Review, X, 1 (1981), 406–7.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Notably in his interview with Roy Howard of the American United Press, published in The Times, 29 Nov. 1916.

¹⁹ Lloyd George's Bangor speech is printed in a volume of his speeches, Through terror to triumph (London, 1915), pp. 75–89.Google Scholar

²⁰ Keynes, J. M., The economic consequences of the peace (London, 1919), pp. 127–33.Google Scholar

²¹ cf. Morgan, Kenneth O., Consensus and disunity. The Lloyd George coalition government, 1918–1922 (Oxford, 1986 edn), pp. 39–41.Google Scholar

²² Robert, Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes, Vol. I, 1883–1920 (London 1983), pp. 358–61.Google Scholar

²³ Morgan, Kenneth O., ‘Lloyd George's stage army: the coalition Liberals, 1918–22’, in Taylor, A. J. P. (ed.), Lloyd George: twelve essays (London, 1971), pp. 230–1Google Scholar. Also see H. A. L. Fisher to Lloyd George, 17 March 1919 (House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George papers, F/16/7/39) in which Fisher warns against either Danzig or Posen being given to Poland.

²⁴ See Lloyd, George, The truth about the peace treaties, I, 259–61.Google Scholar

²⁵ See John, Turner, Lloyd George's secretariat (Cambridge, 1980), pp. 153ffGoogle Scholar. for Kerr's views.

²⁶ It is printed in its entirety in Lloyd, George'sThe truth about the peace treaties, I, 403–16.Google Scholar

²⁷ Keynes, J. M., The economic consequences of the peace (London, 1919), pp. 186–7Google Scholar. He added that Germany would not be able to pay this amount.

²⁸ Lentin, A., Guilt at Versailles (London, 1985), pp. 101–4.Google Scholar

²⁹ Ibid. pp. 84–8.

³⁰ Lloyd, George, The truth about the peace treaties, I, p. 461.Google Scholar

³¹ ‘An entirely new kind of capitalist, dark and fanatical’: Philip Kerr to Lord Curzon, 25 June 1920 (PRO, FO/800/153), fos. 289–90.

³² For the Genoa conference, see Stephen, White, The origins of detente (Cambridge, 1985)Google Scholar. There is an interesting essay on Walter Rathenau in James, Joll, Intellectuals in politics (London, 1960), pp. 59ff.Google Scholar

³³ See Lloyd George to Kingsley Martin, 28 March 1936 (House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George papers, G/14/2/3).

³⁴ Lloyd, George, The truth about the peace treaties, II, 930ff.Google Scholar

³⁵ For this visit, see Thomas, Jones, A diary with letters, 1931–50 (Oxford, 1954), pp. 239–42Google Scholar, and Ellis, E. L., T. J. A life of Dr Thomas Jones CH (Cardiff, 1992), pp. 405–8Google Scholar, along with the pamphlet by Emrys, Pride, Why Lloyd George met Hitler (Newport, 1981).Google Scholar

³⁶ Daily Express, 17 Sept. 1936.

³⁷ Colin, Cross (ed.), A. J. Sylvester: life with Lloyd George (London, 1975), p. 219 (5 Oct. 1938)Google Scholar. See also Parker, R. A. C., Chamberlain and appeasement (London, 1993), pp. 315–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³⁸ See on this phase, Sidney, Aster, ‘Ivan Maisky and parliamentary anti-appeasement, 1938–9’, in Taylor, A. J. P. (ed.), Lloyd George: twelve essays, pp. 317ffGoogle Scholar. Maisky's estimation of Lloyd George dated from the moderate policy towards the Soviet Union that the British prime minister inaugurated in 1920–1. On his eightieth birthday in 1943, Lloyd George was told by Maisky ‘… in my estimation you are probably the outstanding statesman Great Britain has produced throughout his period’.

³⁹ See Paul, Addison, ‘Lloyd George and a compromise peace in the second world war’, in Taylor, A. J . P. (ed.), Twelve essays, p. 361ff.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ ‘Special Mission to Europe of Sumner Welles’, Foreign relations of the United States, Diplomatic papers, 1940 (Washington), pp. 85–6.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Taylor, A. J. P. (ed.), Lloyd George, a diary by Frances Stevenson (London, 1971), pp. 256–7 (21 02 1934)Google Scholar ‘We should keep a strong hand in India’, observed Lloyd George. Also ibid. pp. 272–3 (14 May 1934).