¹ Malcolm, J., ‘The king in search of soldiers: Charles I in 1642’, Historical Journal, xxi, 2 (1978), pp 257–68.Google Scholar

² Ibid. pp. 258–60, 264–5.

³ Ibid. pp. 267–8, 272.

⁴ The most credible estimates of the size of the king's army at Edgehill, 12,000 foot and 4,000 horse and dragoons, is that given in a letter written by lord Bernard Stuart five days after the battle (British Library, Harleian MS 3783, fo. 60).

⁵ Malcolm, ‘King in search of soldiers’, pp. 268–9.

⁶ Ibid. pp. 270–1. Lord Strange became earl of Derby on his father's death on 29 September, but to avoid confusion we shall use his courtesy title throughout this article.

⁷ Ibid. pp. 268–9.

⁸ This may not be apparent in the text, but many of her footnotes citing old secondary sources are in fact references to summaries of seventeenth-century pamphlets (e.g. footnotes 79 and 82).

⁹ British Library Thomason Tracts E. 12.18; Phillips, J. R., Memorial of the Civil War in Wales and the Marches 1642–1649 (London, 1878), 11, 25.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Malcolm, ‘King in search of soldiers’, p. 269n. See also Stamford's letters of November and December 1642 which do not refer to any major vitories over the Welsh royalits (House of Lords Journals, v, 440–1, 444, 453, 475, 514). We are grateful to Dr J. S. Morrill of Selwyn College, Cambridge for these references.

¹¹ Corbet, J., ‘The military government of Glocester’ (Bibliotheca Gloucestrensis, ed. J., Washburne, Gloucester, 1825).Google Scholar

¹² Phillips, Civil War, 1, 134; ibid. 11, 38–9, 40.

¹³ Malcolm, ‘King in search of solders’, 269; Ralph, Lord Hopton, Bellum civile (C. E. H. Chalwyck-Healey (ed.), Somerset Record Society, xviii [1902]), pp. 17–18.

¹⁴ Malcolm, ‘King in search of soldiers’, p. 272n; Hopton, ‘Bellum civile’, pp. 45–59. In this instance Dr Malcolm has confused William Seymour, marquis of Hertford, and Edward, Lord Herbert, later second marquis of Worcester.

¹⁵ Malcolm, ‘King in search of soldiers’, pp. 260, 267n.

¹⁶ Ibid. p. 255n; P. Young, Edgehill, 1642: the campaign and the battle (Kineton, 1967), pp. 168–93, 261–304.

¹⁷ Her figures, 6,000 foot and 2,000 horse, are those given by Clarendon. They do not include the forces raised by Strange and Stradling, as is indicated by the quartering arranements for the night of 12 October 1642 (B.L. Harl. MS 6851, fo. 211).The earl of Sunderland, a lukewarm royalist, maintained in a letter to his wife that the king already had 6,000 foot on 21 September (Sydney papers, ed. A. Collins [London, 1746], 11, 667).

¹⁸ Wales 340; Yorkshire 546; Cornwall 344; Caernarvonshire 8; Radnorshire 8; Anglesey 6; Cambridgeshire 18; Bedfordshire 13; Huntingdonshire 8 (Public Record Office SP 29.68).

¹⁹ Edward Hyde, earl of Clarendon, The history of the rebellion and Civil Wars in England, ed. Macray, W. D. (Oxford, 1888), 11, 346.Google Scholar

²⁰ Ibid. 11, 335; Malcolm, ‘King in search of soldiers’, p. 262n.

²¹ Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1641–43, pp. 389–90.

²² Malcolm, ‘King in search of soldiers’, pp. 259–60; Clarendon, History of the rebellion, 11, 335

²³ Malcolm, ‘King in search of soldiers’, p. 268.

²⁴ Thomas Gower claimed, in a letter written from Yorkshire on 5 August, that four of the Edgehill regiments of horse were raised and that another was raising; but that only six infantry colonels had been commissioned (Historical Manuscripts Commission 5th Report, p. 191). This is borne out by other evidence. The two Cheshire regiments of foot and a Somerset regiment were being recruited by 30 July, and the commission of Stephen Hawkins as lieutenant-colonel of the second regiment of foot to be raised, Sir Ralph Dutton’s, was dated 27 July; but the earl of Northampton's commission was not issued till 8 August. There is also a strong possibility that two of the other early regiments, Lord Paget's and John Bellasis's were not commissioned till early August (H.M.C. Duke of Portalnd MSS 1, 44–5; ibid. 5th Report, p. 141; ibid, marquis of Ormonde MSS, N.S. 11, 379; Hopton, Bellum civile, p. 2; B.L. Harl. MS 6852, fo. 253).

²⁵ CSPD. 1641–3, pp. 383, 385; H.M.C. 2nd Report, p. 36; Bodleian Library, Oxford, Calendar of Carte Manuscripts, x, fo. 455; Wiltshire County Record Office, 413/444 (Prince Rupert's diary), fos. 4–6.

²⁶ Sir Edward Nicholas mentions five infantry regiments marching out of Nottingham on 13 September, but some foot had left for Uttoxeter on the previous day. Also 500 volunteers from the Nottinghamshire trained-bands were not included (CSPD 1641–3, p. 389). By the time the royal army reached Shrewsbury there were seven regiments of foot, but one, Sir William Pennyman’s, had probably been detached to garrison Bridgnorth (H.M.C. 10th Report appendix 6 (Bouverie MSS) p. 86; Bridgnorth Borough Archives, Great Leet Book, 1642 unfol.).

²⁷ His own and, probably, Richard Fielding's (CSPD 1641–3, p. 367).

²⁸ Clarendon, History of the rebellion, 11, 335.

²⁹ By this time Northampton's forces had probably joined the army. They were at Bridgnorth by 16 September, but the earl himself was in the engagement at Powicke Bridge near Worcester on 23 September (Sydney papers, 11, 667; H.M.C. 5th Report, p. 49; Young, Edgehill, p. 171).

³⁰ Gough, R., The antiquities and memoirs of Myddle (Shrewsbury, 1875), p. 39.Google Scholar

³¹ Sir Thomas Salusbury's (Denbighshire) c. 1,000 men, Sir Edward Fitton's and earl Rivers’ regiments (Cheshire) c. 500 and c. 400 men. These and subsequent figures are based on pay warrants of early November 1642 and an assessment of the losses suffered at Edgehill (B.L. Additional MS 34713, fo. 1). Cheshire also provided three companies for the Lifeguard, and recruits for the Lifeguard, Charles Gerard's and Richard Feilding's regiments (ibid. Add. MS 36913, fo. 123; Cheshire County Record Office, Quarter-Sessions Files, Michaelmas 1660 29 and 58, Epiphany 1660–1 232, Trinity 1662 169, Epiphany 1662–3 135).

³² Phillips, Civil War, II, 11; B.L. Harl. MS 6851, fo. 211; Salop County Record Office, Shrewsbury Borough MSS 587 (Mayor's Accounts 1642–3).

³³ Sir John Hinton, Memoirs (London, 1679), p. 8; B.L. Add. MS 34713, fo. 1; Hopton, Bellum civile, pp. 2, 18.

³⁴ Wilts. CRO 413/444 (Rupert's diary), fo. 10.

³⁵ Those of Randle Egerton of Betley, Staffordshire and Roger Whitley of Aston, Flintshire (Cheshire CRO Q/S Files, Epiphany 1662–3135, Trinity 1664 164 and 165, Easter 1677 147).

³⁶ This regiment is not mentioned in the quartering arrangements for 12 October, but undoubtably fought at Edgehill (Young, Edgehill, pp. 86–8, 172, 226).

³⁷ C. 3,500 out of c. 12,000 (above, n. 4).

³⁸ Davies, G., ‘The parliamentary army under the earl of Essex 1642–45’, English Historical Review, xlix (1934), 51CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Pearl, V., London on the outbreak of the Puritan Revolution (London, 1961), p. 251; Thomason Tracts E. 75.5; Calendar of State Papers Venetian 1642–3, p. 123.Google Scholar

³⁹ Cheshire C.R.O., Q/S Files, Michaelmas 1660 to Trinity 1680, passim.

⁴⁰ Chester City Record Office C63/2/7.

⁴¹ Gough, Myddle, pp. 39–40.

⁴² In Macclesfield hundred, for example, where parliamentary landowners dominated the north and royalist landowners the south, the northern division had 40 parliamentary maimed soldiers and widows, but only 5 royalist whereas the southern had 17 royalists to 7 parliamentarians. In Broxton hundred, where the royalists were also dominant, the ratio was 25 to 7.

⁴³ Malcolm, ‘King in search of soldiers’, pp. 257–62.

⁴⁴ H.M.C. R. R. Hastings MS, 11, 85; Clarendon, History of the rebellion, p. 227.

⁴⁵ Ibid. 11, 265–7; H.M.C. 5th Report, p. 142; Salop C.R.O., Shrewsbury Borough MS 2570, passim.

⁴⁶ CSPV 1642–3, p. 123. See also Thomason Tracts E.75.5.

⁴⁷ This is one of the conclusions in Dr. Wanklyn's forthcoming article ‘Agriculture in seventeenth-century Cheshire’ to be published in the Transactions of the Chester and North Wales Archaeological Society.

⁴⁸ Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, 2nd series VI (1894), 44. See also CSPV 1642–3, p. 147.

⁴⁹ William Courtney, major of Sir William Beaumont's regiment 5 September 1642 (H.M.C. 5th Report, p. 47); officers in Sir Lewis Dives's regiment after 20 September (Camden Society, 3rd Series, LV (1937), 186).

⁵⁰ Young, Edgehill, pp. 214–33.

⁵¹ Manning, B. S., The English people and the English Resolution (London, 1976), pp. 105–7; CSPV 1642–3, p. 106Google Scholar; Henry, Sir Ellis, Original letters illustrative of English history (London, 1824), III, 301–3; Thomason Tracts E. 83.9.Google Scholar

⁵² M. D. G. Wanklyn ‘Landed society and allegiance in Cheshire and Shropshire in the first Civil War’ (Manchester Ph.D., 1976), pp. 247–50; Richard, Sir Bulstrode, Memoirs and reflection.(London, 1721), p. 86.Google Scholar

⁵³ B.L. Harl. MS 2107, fos. 7–130.