¹ Davidoff, Leonore and Hall, Catherine, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle-class, 1780–1850 (1987; 2nd edn, London, 2002)Google Scholar.

² Gleadle, Kathryn, ‘Revisiting Family fortunes: reflections on the twentieth anniversary of the publication of Men and women of the English middle class, 1780–1850’, Women's History Review, 16 (2007), pp. 773–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Vickery, Amanda, ‘Golden age to separate spheres? A review of the categories and chronology of English women's history’, Historical Journal, 36 (1993), pp. 383–414CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³ McCormack, ed., Public men, pp. 20–1; Kathryn Gleadle, ‘“Our several spheres”: middle-class women and the feminisms of early Victorian radical politics’, in Kathryn Gleadle and Sarah Richardson, eds., Women in British politics, 1760–1860: the power of the petticoat (Basingstoke, 2000), pp. 115–52; Rendall, Jane, ‘Women and the public sphere’, Gender and History, 11 (1999), pp. 475–88CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

⁴ Riley, Denise, Am I that name? Feminism and the category of women in history (Basingstoke, 1989)Google Scholar; Yeo, Eileen, The contest for social science: relations and representations of gender and class (London, 1996)Google Scholar.

⁵ Twells, Civilising mission, p. 6; Midgley, Feminism and empire, p. 8.

⁶ Bush, Women against the vote, esp. chs. 3 and 9.

⁷ Morgan, Simon, A Victorian woman's place: public culture in the nineteenth century (London, 2007)Google Scholar; Smitley, Megan, The feminine public sphere: middle-class women in civic life in Glasgow, c. 1870–1914 (Manchester, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁸ E.g. Leonore Davidoff, ‘Regarding some “old husbands’ tales”: public and private in feminist history’, in Worlds between: historical perspectives on gender and class (Oxford, 1995), pp. 227–76.

⁹ Gleadle, Borderline citizens, pp. 1, 14.

¹⁰ Ibid., p. 1; Roper, Michael, ‘Slipping out of view: subjectivity and emotion in gender history’, History Workshop Journal, 59 (2005), pp. 57–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹¹ Lofland, Lyn H., The public realm: exploring the city's quintessential social territory (New York, NY, 1998)Google Scholar.

¹² E.g. Gleadle, Borderline citizens, p. 22; Wahrman, Dror, The making of the modern self: identity and culture in eighteenth-century England (New Haven, CT, 2004)Google Scholar.

¹³ For a stimulating debate over the value of micro-history, see Brewer, John, ‘Microhistory and the histories of everyday life’, Cultural and Social History, 7 (2010), pp. 87–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar; also the responses by Pat Hudson, ‘Closeness and distance: a response to Brewer’ and de Vivo, Filippo, ‘Prospect or refuge? Microhistory, history on the large scale’, Cultural and Social History, 7 (2010), pp. 375–85, 387–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹⁴ Alana Harris, ‘“A paradise on earth, a foretaste of heaven”: English Catholic understandings of domesticity and marriage, 1945–1965’, in Delap, Griffin, and Wills, eds., The politics of domestic authority, pp. 155–81.

¹⁵ Gleadle, Kathryn, The early feminists: radical unitarians and the emergence of the women's rights movement, 1831–1851 (Basingstoke, 1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Midgley, Feminism and empire, p. 8.

¹⁶ Bush, Women against the vote, p. 110.

¹⁷ Morris, Notably R. J., Class, sect and party: the making of the British middle class (Manchester, 1990)Google Scholar. For women's contribution to middle-class institutions, see Morgan, A Victorian woman's place, chs. 4–6.

¹⁸ E.g. ‘May meetings’, Christian Lady's Magazine, 1 (Jan. – June 1834).

¹⁹ McCormack's two introductory chapters barely engage with the extensive literature on women and the public sphere.

²⁰ Especially compared with our knowledge of masculine domesticity: Tosh, John, A man's place: masculinity and the middle-class home in Victorian England (New Haven, CT, 1999)Google Scholar.

²¹ E.g. Riall, Lucy, Garibaldi: invention of a hero (New Haven, CT, 2007)Google Scholar.

²² See Holzer, Harold, Gabor S. Boritt, and Mark E. Neely, The Lincoln image: Abraham Lincoln and the popular print (New York, NY, 1984)Google Scholar.

²³ Carlyle, Thomas, On heroes, hero worship and the heroic in history (London, 1841)Google Scholar.

²⁴ Gordon, Eleanor and Nair, Gwyneth, Public lives: women, family and society in Victorian Britain (New Haven, CT, 2003)Google Scholar.

²⁵ Gleadle, Borderline citizens, p. 147.

²⁶ For the role of Gramscian hegemony in Family fortunes, Gleadle, ‘Revisiting Family fortunes’; for hegemony and masculinity, R. W. Connell, Masculinities (Cambridge, 1995).

²⁷ Gleadle, Borderline citizens, p. 108.

²⁸ McCormack writes specifically against Connell's notion of hegemonic masculinity in Masculinities.

²⁹ Matthew Roberts, ‘W. L. Jackson, exemplary manliness and late Victorian popular conservatism’, in McCormack, ed., Public men, pp. 123–42; Siân Pooley, ‘Child care and neglect: a comparative local study of late nineteenth-century parental authority’, in Delap, Griffin, and Wills, eds., The politics of domestic authority, pp. 223–42.

³⁰ E.g. Harrison, Brian, Separate spheres: the opposition to women's suffrage in Britain (London, 1978)Google Scholar.

³¹ Bush, Women against the vote, p. 203.

³² Steedman, Labours lost, pp. 16–17.

³³ Ibid., ch. 1.

³⁴ Ibid., p. 254.

³⁵ Ibid., p. 282.

³⁶ Delap, Griffin, and Wills, ‘Introduction’, in The politics of domestic authority, pp. 1, 4.

³⁷ Ibid., p. 8.