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³ The shift to stressing the violence and power relations of global trade is perhaps as a result of shifts in histories of slavery and empire, which have seen a new emphasis on intimate relations and embodied experiences. See McClintock, Anne, Imperial leather: race, gender and sexuality in the colonial context (New York, NY, and London, 1995)Google Scholar; Cooper, Frederick and Stoler, Ann Laura, eds., Tensions of empire: colonial cultures in a bourgeois world (Berkeley, CA, 1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Johnson, Walter, Soul by soul: life inside the antebellum slave market (Cambridge, MA, 1999)Google Scholar; Stoler, Ann Laura, Carnal knowledge and imperial power: race and the intimate in colonial rule (Berkeley, CA, 2002)Google Scholar; Johnson, Walter, River of dark dreams: slavery and empire in the cotton kingdom (Cambridge, MA, 2013)Google Scholar; Baptist, Edward E., The half has never been told (New York, NY, 2014)Google Scholar.

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¹⁷ As defined by Pamela Crossley ‘context spinners’ can be commodities, materials, devices, behaviourial concepts, or natural phenomena. See Crossley, What is global history?, p. 4.

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²² Ibid., p. 9.

²³ Ibid., p. 120.

²⁴ Ibid., pp. 163 and 177.

²⁵ Ibid., p. 73.

²⁶ Ibid., pp. 90 and 187–91.

²⁷ Ibid., p. 181.

²⁸ Ibid., p. 221.

²⁹ Ibid., p. 223.

³⁰ Ibid., p. 31.

³¹ Ibid., pp. 151–2. See also Batchelor, Robert, ‘On the movement of porcelains: rethinking the birth of consumer society as interactions of exchange networks, 1600–1750’, in Trentmann, Frank and Brewer, John, eds., Consuming cultures, global perspectives: historical trajectories, transnational exchanges (Oxford and New York, NY, 2006), pp. 95–122Google Scholar; Pierson, Stacey, ‘The movement of Chinese ceramics: appropriation in global history’, Journal of World History, 23 (2012), pp. 9–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Porter, David, The Chinese taste in eighteenth-century England (Cambridge, 2013)Google Scholar.

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³³ Berg, Maxine, Luxury and pleasure in eighteenth-century Britain (Oxford, 2005), p. 43Google Scholar.

³⁴ Trentmann, Empire of things, p. 168.

³⁵ Rosemary Joyce and Susan Gillespie explicitly see their intervention as complementary to Igor Kopytoff's early work. Joyce, Rosemary A. and Gillespie, Susan D., ‘Making things out of objects that move’, in Joyce, Rosemary A. and Gillespie, Susan D., eds., Things in motion: object itineraries in anthropological practice (Sante Fe, NM, 2015), p. 4Google Scholar.

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³⁹ Ibid., p. 9.

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⁴⁹ Beckert, Empire of cotton, p. 107.

⁵⁰ Ibid., p. 93.

⁵¹ For the importance of revealing where capital cannot go as well as where it can, see Cooper, Frederick, ‘What is the concept of globalization good for? An African historian's perspective’, African Affairs, 100 (2001), pp. 189–213CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at p. 189.

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⁵³ Rockman, ‘What makes the history of capitalism newsworthy?’, p. 449.

⁵⁴ Beckert, Empire of cotton, p. 169. At the same time, Egypt also suffered the assaults of British merchants.

⁵⁵ Ibid., p. xxi.

⁵⁶ Ibid., p. 30.

⁵⁷ Ibid., p. xiv.

⁵⁸ Ibid., p. xv.

⁵⁹ Lowe, Lisa, The intimacies of four continents (Durham, NC, and London, 2015), p. 2CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁶² Histories of living conditions, inequalities, and social relationships continue on a regional and national level. See for example Muldrew, The economy of obligation; Shepard, Alexandra, Accounting for oneself: worth, status and the social order in early modern England (Oxford, 2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁶³ Beckert, Empire of cotton, pp. 175–9.

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⁶⁸ The well-developed nature of historical studies of consumption should come as no surprise. In the late 1990s, Sara Pennell asserted that ‘historical studies of consumption have proliferated, seemingly unstoppable’. Pennell, ‘Consumption and consumerism’, p. 549.

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⁸⁵ It is important to note that the material turn connected with ‘new materialism’ is sharply distinct from material culture studies and the project that those interested in material culture are embarked on.

⁸⁶ Chris Otter, ‘Locating matter: the place of materiality in urban history’, in Bennett and Joyce, eds., Material powers, p. 46.

⁸⁷ Bonneuil, Christophe and Fressoz, Jean-Baptiste, The shock of the anthropocene: the earth, history and us (London and New York, NY, 2016), p. 3Google Scholar. The importance of developing more ecologically aware approaches to historical analysis have largely been prompted by the anthropocene. See Crutzen, Paul J., ‘Geology of mankind’, Nature, 415 (2002), p. 23CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

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⁸⁹ Mitchell, Timothy, Rule of experts: Egypt, techno-politics, modernity (Berkeley, CA, 2002)Google Scholar. See Joyce, Patrick, The state of freedom: a social history of the British state since 1800 (Cambridge, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Bennett and Joyce, eds., Material powers.

⁹⁰ Trentmann, Empire of things, pp. 174–221.

⁹¹ Ibid., p. 179.

⁹² Ibid., p. 183.

⁹³ Ibid., p. 12.

⁹⁴ Ibid., p. 665.

⁹⁵ Ibid., p. 664.

⁹⁶ Appadurai, ed., The social life of things.

⁹⁷ Trentmann, Empire of things, p. 17.

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⁹⁹ Bennett, Vibrant matter, p. 12.

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¹⁰³ Trentmann, ‘Materiality in the future of history’, p. 286.