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³ Cf. made, comments in my review article, ‘Liberal History’. Parliamentary Affairs, xxv f (1972). 351–4.Google Scholar

⁴ Sunday Times, 21 Apr. 1974.

⁵ Beales, Derek ‘Peel, Russell and Reform’, Historical Journal, xvll (1974), 873–82.Google Scholar

⁶ Peel, and the Conservative Party: a Study in Party Politics, 1832–1841 (London, 1929).Google Scholar

⁷ Norman Gash’s recognition of ‘the occupational hazard of every biographer’, English Historical Review, LXXXIII (1968), 362, in review of Robert Blake, Disraeli (London, 1966). 8 Beales, Historical Journal, xvn, 874.

⁹ Ibid., p. 875.

¹⁰ Butterfield, Herbert ‘Limits of Historical Understanding’, Listener, 26 June 1947, P. 997.Google Scholar

¹¹ Collingwood, R. G.An Autobiography (Oxford, 1959 impr.), p. 110.Google Scholar

¹² Oakeshott, MichaelRationalism in Politics, and Other Essays (New York, 1962), p. 90Google Scholar

¹³ Ibid., p. 164.

¹⁴ Harrison, Brian, New Society, 20 07 1972, pp. 146–7,Google Scholar in review of Jones, Andrew, The Politics of Reform 1884 (Cambridge, 1972).Google Scholar

¹⁵ The Politics, of Reform 1884, pp. 236–7.Google Scholar

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¹⁷ McKibbin, R. English Historical Review, xc (1975), 229.Google Scholar

¹⁸ The Times Literary Supplement, 22 Nov. 1957, p. 698.

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²⁰ Hurst, Michael introduction to Charles Seymour, Electoral Reform in Englandand Wales vitn & (Newton Abbot, 1970 repr.).Google Scholar

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²² Sunday Times, 21 Apr. 1974.

²³ Arthur Elliot, R. D. Life of George Joachim Goschen, First Viscount Goschen, 1831–1907 (2 vols.), with every justification devotes fewer pages to the years 1888–1907 than to 1885–7.Google Scholar

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²⁵ Ibid.

²⁶ bid., 19 Feb. 1884, repeating this parliamentary catchphrase which he had borrowed from Smith, W. H. cited in Elliot, 1, 239.Google Scholar

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²⁸ Such things are discernible in Spinner’s tome, vying though in a biographical clutter which no organizational subtitle can disguise. Fanny, we are told (p. 47), ‘must have provided some consolation for a rather dreary Parliamentary year’. Did Goschen find 1875 dull? Did domesticities compensate? Or is it that Spinner announces a daughter’s birth only he to break embarrassingly long silence in the political record? 29 Elegant variation alone may have lured Smith into speaking of Goschen as ‘the Jew’.As a point of interest, it was Gladstone’s friend, Robert Farquharson, who put into print: ‘His nose betrayed him, he had the flat feet and the hoarse voice of the Israelite’. See Farquharson, In and Out of Parliament: Reminiscences of a Varied Life (London, 1911), p. 260.

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