¹ Birnbaum, P., ‘Anti-semitism and anticapitalism in modern France’, in Malino, F. and Wasserstein, B., eds., The Jews in modern France (Hanover, N.H., 1985), p. 215Google Scholar.

² Zola, E., L' Argent (‘Les Rougon-Macquart’, 5 vols., Paris, 1967 edn, Editions Fasquelle et Gallimard), V, 385Google Scholar.

³ Lindemann, reproduces the following: ‘he described a “whole crowd of low, preying Jews [who] followed in the wake of the invasion”’ (p. 115)Google Scholar.

⁴ Wilson, S., Ideology and experience (East Brunswick, N.J., 1982), 475 and n. 185, p. 502Google Scholar; Lovsky, F., ed., L' Antisémitisme chrétien (Paris, 1970), p. 39Google Scholar. Lovsky, finally, does not give a page reference for the quotation.

⁵ Zola, E., La Débâcle (‘Les Rougon-Macquart’, 5 vols., Paris, 1967 edn, Editions Fasquelle et Gallimard), V, 742–3Google Scholar. This is a particularly brutal novel and one ought to expect these corpse-robbers to be described harshly – the charge of antisemitism must derive from the identification of the looters as Jews.

⁶ Ibid. p. 1540, notes by Henri Mitterand, who names the journalist as Gustave Frédérix.

⁷ Birnbaum, , Anti-semitism in France, p. 49Google Scholar.

⁸ Allain, J.-C., Joseph Caillaux (2 vols., Paris, 1978), I, 438Google Scholar.

⁹ Brunet, J.-P., La police de l' ombre (Paris, 1990), pp. 115–23Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Young, R. J., In command of France (Cambridge, Mass., 1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.