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A Low Road to Extinction? Supply and Redress of Grievances in the Parliaments of the 1620s*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Thomas Cogswell
Thomas Cogswell
Affiliation:
University of Kentucky
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Extract

When his colleagues at the beginning of the 1621 session were puzzling over whether supply should precede redress of grievances or vice versa, Sir George More rose to give them the benefit of his considerable experience. The question could best be resolved, he suggested, if redress and supply were thought of ‘as twins, asJacob and Esau’ which ‘should go hand in hand, for though grievances go first, yet the blessing may be upon subsidies’. The biblical analogy was quite clear. Although grievances like Esau had precedence as the elder of the twins, the two should in fact ‘go hand in hand’ through the House; at the closing, the order would be reversed and the subsidy would first receive the blessing just as the younger of Isaac's twins eventually did.

Type
Articles
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , June 1990 , pp. 283 - 303
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

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References

1 5 Feb., Commons debates 1621, ed. Notestein, W. et al. (7 vols., New Haven, 1935), II, 21Google Scholar; Genesis, chap. 27. I am grateful to Bruce Eastwood and William McKane for discussions of this imagery.

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10 See, for example, Harriss, G. L., ‘War and the emergence of the English parliaments, 1297–1360’, Journal of Medieval History, II (1976), 35–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Fryde, E. R., ‘Parliament and the French war, 1336–40’, Essays in medieval history (Toronto, 1969), pp. 250–69Google Scholar.

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16 16 Feb.; 7, 22 March, CJ, I, 523, 544, 569; CD 1621, IV, 132–3.

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21 30 May, CD 1621, III, 353. On James's vow to be ‘carefull to give you all satisfaction in all your iust demaundes’, see Edmondes's speech, 16 Feb., S.P. 14/119.98.

22 Quoted in Zaller, , Parl. of 1621, p. 191Google Scholar. Russell's, interpretation of this declaration (Parliaments, pp. 119–20)Google Scholar as mere rhetorical theatrics is arguably overdrawn; I plan to offer a more balanced view elsewhere.

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24 26 Nov., CD 1621, V, 212; CJ, I, 658.

25 26 Nov., CD 1621, IV, 438. Russell's, analytic difficulties with this session(Parliaments, pp. 126–41) are perhaps illustrated in his statement that ‘it was Solicitor General Heath, not any private member, who introduced the idea of seizing the King of Spain's West Indian treasure’ (p. 131); unfortunately he, like many contemporaries, confused Mr Solicitor with Mr Shilleto, who was in fact a private member. See CD 1621, II, 455, n. 5Google Scholar.

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37 Phelip's speech of 27 November, CD 1621, V, 519; Southampton's examination [June 1621], Inner Temple Library, Petyt MSS, vol. 19, fo. iv; Carleton the younger to Carleton, 1 March 1624, S.P. [Holland], 84/116/186.

38 On the government's preoccupation, see Conway to Carlisle and Holland, 12, 13, 14 April, 20 May 1625, S.P. [France], 78/74/175, 182, 184 and 75/33.

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44 11 Aug., ibid. p. 118.

45 12 June 1626, Whitelocke diary, Dd 12–22, fo. 232. On the confused period between the 1625 and 1626 sessions, see Cogswell, , ‘Foreign policy and parliament: the case of La Rochelle, 1625–1626’, EHR, XCIX (1984), 241–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar. I am indebted to Maija Jansson and William Bidwell of the Yale Center for Parliamentary History for allowing me to consult their typescript of the 1626 diaries.

46 11 Aug. 1625, Dyott diary, Staffordshire R.O., D.661/11/1/2, fo. 65; 28 February 1626, Whitelocke diary, Dd 12–20, fo. 56V.

47 10 March 1626, Whitelocke diary, fos. 30V–29.

48 Space does not permit a full discussion of this important point; I will do so elsewhere. But almost all of the £240,000 earmarked for Mansfelt and much of the £360,000 for the Danes was not actually necessary. On the former, see S.P. [German States], 81/31/226; 81/33/263; 81/34/34– 35V; and on the latter, see S.P. [Denmark], 75/6/32; 75/6/19.

49 Carleton the younger to Ann Carleton, 21 March 1626, S.P. [Holland], 84/131/90. For threats of extraparliamentary levies, see Weston and Sandys on 12 June as well as Carleton on 12May; Whitelocke Diary, Dd 12–21, fos. 191, 232V.

50 Conway to Aston, 30 Dec. 1623, S.P. [Spain], 94/29/19IV; Palmer to Scudamore, 28 Dec. 1625, P.R.O. C115, N5/8629.

51 23 March, 13 June 1626, Whitelocke Diary, Dd 12–20, fo. 82; Dd 12–22, fo. 237.

52 Russell, , ‘Parliamentary history’, pp. 10–11Google Scholar. On the outbreak of the French war, see Adams, Simon, ‘The road to La Rochelle: English foreign policy and the Huguenots, 1610–1629’, Proceedings of the Huguenot Society, XXII (1975), 410–29Google Scholar; and Cogswell, , ‘Prelude to Ré: the Anglo-French struggle over La Rochelle, 1624–1627’, History, LXXI (1986), 1–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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55 Guy, J. A., ‘The origins of the petition of right reconsidered’, HJ, XXV (1982), 289–312CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Reeve, L. J., ‘The legal status of the petition of right’, H.J., XXIX (1986), 257–77Google Scholar.

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57 4 April, ibid. II, 301, 307.

58 11 April, ibid. II, 418–19.

59 12, 14 April, ibid. II, 430–1, 452.

60 28 April, ibid. II, 125, 130.

61 1, 2 May, ibid., III, 195, 212–13.

62 13, 23 May, ibid. III, 397, 571.

63 3, 4, 11 June, ibid. IV, 60–2, 115, 249.

64 7, 9 June, ibid., IV, 182, 206.

65 10, 14 June, ibid. IV, 331–7.

66 17 June, ibid. IV, 349, 352; V, 649, 653–4.

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69 I plan to handle these points more extensively in a book, Counsel and monies: Parliament at war in early Stuart England.

70 Russell, , ‘Parliamentary history’, pp. 10–11Google Scholar; and Parliaments, pp. 226, 237, 347.

71 Spencer to Isham, 20 Nov. 1621, Northamptonshire R.O., Isham of Langport MSS, IC 155.

72 [Francis Kynaston], ‘True representation of fore-past Parliaments’, Folger Shakespeare Library, V.b. 189, pp. 55, 68, 84. I am indebted to Johann Sommerville for this citation and for many discussions of this document.

73 13 April 1640 Proceedings of the Short Parliament of 1640, ed. Cope, Esther (London, 1977), pp. 116, 120–1Google Scholar.

74 23 April 1640, ibid. pp. 170–1.