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Intelligence Surveillance of British Ex-Servicemen, 1918–1920

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Stephen R. Ward
Stephen R. Ward
Affiliation:
University of South Dakota
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Type
Communications
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , March 1973 , pp. 179 - 188
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

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References

1 Home Office, Directorate of Intelligence, ‘ Report on Revolutionary Organisations in the United Kingdom ’, Cabinet Papers, C.P. 1830 of 2 Sept. 1920 (Cab. 24/III). Hereafter cited as D/I Report.

2 Kendall, Walter, The Revolutionary Movement in Britain, 1900–21 (London, 1969), p. 187.Google Scholar

3 Noel Pemberton-Billing, M.P., became a subject for investigation when his rightest organization, the Vigilante Society, published two anti-semitic pamphlets. He was a super-patriot, imperialist and an independent M.P. (see D/I Report, C.P. 70 of 6 Nov. 1919 (Cab. 24/92).

4 Haig to Secretary of State for War, War Cabinet Papers, G.T. 6874 of 3 Oct. 1917 (Cab. 24/79).

5 Wootton, Graham, The Official History of the British Legion (London, 1956), pp. 2–3Google Scholar

6 War Cabinet Papers, G.T. 1522 of 26 July 1917 (Cab. 24/22).

7 Salvidge, Stanley, Salvidge of Liverpool (London, 1934), pp. 158–9Google Scholar and Churchill, Randolph, Lord Derby, King of Lancashire (London and New York, 1959, 1960), p. 276.Google Scholar

8 Wootton, History, p. 4. Derby solicited approval from the war cabinet for this venture and received it (see War Cabinet Minutes, W.C. 222, 5 of 22 Aug. 1917 (Cab. 23/3) ).

9 B.M., John Burns Diary, 7 Jan. 1919.

10 Parliamentary Debates, H. of C, vol. CVII (10 July 1918), col. 333.

11 Home Office, Special Branch, ‘ Fortnightly Report on Pacifism and Revolutionary Organisations in the United Kingdom and Morale Abroad ’, G.T. 6079 of 21 Oct. 1918 (Cab. 24/69) (hereafter cited as S/B Report).

12 Ibid. G.T. 6201 of 4 Nov. 1918 (Cab. 24/69).

13 See my article, ‘ The British Veterans' Ticket of 1918 ’, Journal of British Studies, VIII, 1 (11. 1968), 163–4Google Scholar

14 Churchill, Winston S., The Aftermath, vol. IV of The World Crisis (New York, 1929), pp. 44–8.Google Scholar

15 See Papers by Command, H. of C, vol. CCXLVII, ‘ Report of the Select Committee on Pensions, Minutes and Evidence ’.

16 S/B Report, G.T. 6976 of 10 Mar. 1919 (Cab. 24/76).

17 Ibid. G.T. 6816 of 10 Feb. 1919 (Cab. 24/75).

18 The Herald, II Jan. 1919.

19 Daily Herald, 9 May 1919.

20 S/B Report, G.T. 6976 of 10 Mar. 1919 (Cab. 24/76). On 29 Mar. Kenworthy won a byelection at Hull as a Liberal. Fairchild, who is mentioned in the report, is probably E. C. Fairchild, member of the British Socialist Party and active in London movements.

21 Thomson, Basil H., The Scene Changes (London, 1939), p. 421.Google Scholar

22 The Forces, Apr. 1919. Only three monthly instalments of this periodical were published.

23 Daily Herald, 9 May 1919.

24 The Forces, May 1919.

25 Daily Herald, 9 May 1919.

26 D/I Report, G.T. 7218 of 7 May 1919 (Cab. 24/79).

27 Thomson, Basil H., Queer People (London, 1922), p. 277.Google Scholar

28 Directorate of Intelligence, ‘ Special Report on the Daily Herald ’, C.P. 195 of 25 Nov. 1919 (Cab. 24/93). The Daily Herald also admitted that the Union's offices had been raided (see 9 May 1919 issue).

29 War Cabinet Minutes, W.C. 564, 6 of 8 May 1919 (Cab. 23/10).

30 The Times, 10 May 1919.

31 D/I Report, G.T. 7254 of 14 May 1919 (Cab. 24/79).

32 Thomson, Queer People, p. 278.

33 The Times, 27 May 1919.

34 Parliamentary Debates, H. of C, vol. CXVI (28 May 1919), col. 126 ft. The comments were particularly vindictive towards James Hogge, M.P. Although he had resigned as President of the Federation a few months earlier, some of his colleagues accused him of advancing his position at the expense of ex-servicemen.

35 D/I Report, G.T. 7218 of 7 May 1919 (Cab. 24/79).

36 Workers' Dreadnought, VI (301. 1920), 1591.Google Scholar

37 The Commonweal, 30 Aug. 1919. The periodical was published by R. L. Outhwaite who formed the Commonwealth League after he lost his seat in parliament in 1918. The Daily Herald also supported back pay (see Daily Herald, 25 Aug. 1919).

38 Directorate of Intelligence Special Report, ‘ A Survey of Revolutionary Feeling in the Year 1919 ’, C.P. 462 of 15 Jan. 1920 (Cab. 24/96) and Luton Reporter, 22 July 1919.

39 D/I Report, G.T. 7790 of 29 July 1919 (Cab. 24/84).

40 Ibid.

41 Ibid. C.P. 70 of 6 Nov. 1919 (Cab. 24/92).

42 Daily Herald, 16 Dec. 1919.

43 The Worker, 15 May 1920.Google Scholar

44 Kendall, Revolutionary Movement, p. 194.