The percentages of women working in Astronomy including research and technical positions are as follows:

If we look at the percentages of female students:

It is easy to see, that since fewer women have the chance of higher education, it is not a surprise that fewer women can reach to the higher level in astronomy.

Social discrimination and prejudice have been the obstacles for women to get higher education and choose a career in astronomy. For example:

1. — 1. Home influence. A girl from her early childhood is educated to play with dolls and help in the kitchen.

2. — 2. Marriage. In the view of public, a man should not choose a wife with higher education nor in a higher position as compared to him. And thus, well educated women have less chance to get married.