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Composition and Galactic Confinement of Cosmic Rays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 March 2016

Maurice M. Shapiro
Maurice M. Shapiro*
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Cosmic Ray Physics, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20390, U.S.A.

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The ‘Galactic’ cosmic rays impinging on the Earth come from afar over tortuous paths, traveling for millions of years. These particles are the only known samples of matter that reach us from regions of space beyond the solar system. Their chemical and isotopic composition and their energy spectra provide clues to the nature of cosmic-ray sources, the properties of interstellar space, and the dynamics of the Galaxy. Various processes in high-energy astrophysics could be illuminated by a more complete understanding of the arriving cosmic rays, including the electrons and gamma rays.

En route, some of the primordial cosmic-ray nuclei have been transformed by collision with interstellar matter, and the composition is substantially modified by these collisions. A dramatic consequence of the transformations is the presence in the arriving ‘beam’ of considerable fluxes of purely secondary elements (Li, Be, B), i.e., species that are, in all probability, essentially absent at the sources. We shall here discuss mainly the composition of the arriving ‘heavy’ nuclei -those heavier than helium - and what they teach us about the source composition, the galactic confinement of the particles, their path lengths, and their transit times.

Type
III. Joint Discussions
Information
Highlights of Astronomy , Volume 2: Highlights of Astronomy. As presented at the XIVth General Assembly of the IAU, 1970 , 1971 , pp. 740 - 756
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1971

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