¹ See Meeks, Wayne A., The First Urban Christians: The Social World of the Apostle Paul (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983) 51–72Google Scholar; Theissen, Gerd, “Social Stratification in the Corinthian Community: A Contribution to the Sociology of Early Hellenistic Christianity,” in idem, The Social Setting of Pauline Christianity (ed. John H. Schütz; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982) 69–119.Google Scholar

² Malina, Bruce J., The New Testament World: Insights From Cultural Anthropology (Atlanta: John Knox, 1981) 25–50.Google Scholar

³ This paper takes up the criticism I made in regard to Theissen's and Meeks's somewhat static appreciation of the first-century social world: Dewey, A. J., “Marginal Notes on Recent Pauline Sociological Analysis,” Proceedings of the Eastern Great Lakes and Midwest Biblical Societies 4 (1984) 107–19.Google Scholar

⁴ For a lengthy analysis of first-century perception of honor see Malina, New Testament World

⁵ Theissen, “The Sociological Interpretation of Religious Traditions,” in Social Setting, 181–91.

⁶ Bornkamm, G., “The History of the Origin of the So-Called Second Letter to the Corinthians,” in The Authorship and Integrity of the New Testament (Theological Collections 4; London: SPCK, 1965) 73–91.Google Scholar Georgi, Dieter, Die Gegner des Paulus in 2. Korintherbrief: Studien zur religiösen Propaganda in der Spätantike (WMANT 11; Neukirchen: Neukirchener Verlag, 1964).Google Scholar Dewey, Arthur J., “Spirit and Letter in Paul,” (Th.D. diss., Harvard University, 1982) 172–76.Google Scholar

⁷ 1 Corinthians and 2 Cor 2:14–6:13; 7:2–4.

⁸ Betz, Hans Dieter, Der Apostel Paulus und die sokratische Tradition: Eine exegetische Untersuchung zu seiner “Apologie” 2 Korinthen 10–13 (Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 1972).Google Scholar

⁹ Herodotus 7.14; Plato, Phaedrus 257c; Isocrates 3.42; Josephus Bell. 4.365; Ant. 7.95; 13.415. For further examples see BAG s.v., def. 1.

¹⁰ Horsley, Richard A., “Wisdom of Word and Words of Wisdom in Corinth,” CBQ 39 (1977) 228–31Google Scholar; cf. Philo Rer. Div. Her. 20–21. Note also 2 Cor 2:17; 3:4, 12; 5:6.

¹¹ Philo, De virt. 171–74. Theophrastus Char. “alazoneias.”

¹² Dewey, “Spirit and Letter,” 166–200.

¹³ Malina, New Testament World, 30–39.

¹⁴ Horsley, “Wisdom of Word,” 229. See also Dewey, “Spirit and Letter,” 159.

¹⁵ Philo De virt. 51–54, 80–81, 148, 161–68. cf. Dieter Georgi, “Socioeconomic Reasons for the ‘Divine Man’ as a Propagandistic Pattern,” in Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler, ed., Aspects of Religious Propaganda in Judaism and Early Christianity (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1976) 27–42.Google Scholar

¹⁶ See below, 216–17.

¹⁷ Cf. vs 6, certainly an indirect challenge.

¹⁸ Georgi, Die Gegner, 31–49, 219–20, 254, 282–91.

¹⁹ Dewey, “Spirit and Letter,” 172–81.

²⁰ Meeks, First Urban Christians, 114. For a critique of viewing the letter as a means of social control, see Dewey, “Marginal Notes,” 115–16.

²¹ Horsley, Richard A., “‘How can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead?’ Spiritual Elitism in Corinth,” NovT 20 (1978) 210Google Scholar n. 17.

²² Theissen, “Social Stratification,” 20–72. My reservation with Theissen's position is that I would see such epithets functioning simultaneously as theological and sociological terms.

²³ Dewey, “Spirit and Letter,” 35–39 esp. 36–38 and n. 38.

²⁴ Horsley, “Spiritual Elitism,” 211–12.

²⁵ Georgi, Die Gegner, 229–30, n. 3.

²⁶ Ibid., 229–34; Dewey, “Spirit and Letter,” 172–76.

²⁷ See above, n. 10.

²⁸ Dewey, “Spirit and Letter,” 167.

²⁹ See above, n. 15.

³⁰ Cf. 2 Corinthians 3–5.

³¹ 2 Cor 5:10; 2:17; 12:19.

³² See above, n. 28; 2 Cor 3:18; 10:1, 7.

³³ See above, n. 8.

³⁴ Contra Theissen, “Social Stratification,” 106–10, and Meeks, First Urban Christians, 113–14.