Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T17:27:38.409Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Some Observations on Ruler-Cult, Especially in Rome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2011

Martin Percival Charlesworth
Affiliation:
St. John's College, Cambridge

Extract

Within recent years the subject of Ruler-Worship has attracted a great deal of attention from scholars, and much has been written upon it from various aspects, notably by those who are specialists in ancient religion. If I appear then to be trespassing I can only plead in excuse that the subject is of great, indeed of absorbing, interest for anyone who is a student of ancient civilization, and especially of the Roman Empire. What I offer here are some fruits of my reading in the ancient authors and the modern interpreters of their thought: all that can be done, of course, in short compass is to stress some results already ascertained, and to offer some observations of my own in the hope they may prove useful. But my debt to other scholars is obviously large: let me here mention with gratitude Adcock, Altheim, Bolkestein, Edson, Ferguson, Gow, Immisch, Pfister, Pippidi, K. Scott, Tarn and O. Weinreich, but above all A. D. Nock and Miss L. R. Taylor, who after Beurlier have contributed so much to advance our knowledge of ruler-cult. Sometimes I have ventured to prefer my own opinion, but I can echo the amiable Vitruvius in declaring— “neque alienis indicibus mutatis interposito nomine meo id profero corpus neque ullius cogitata vituperans institui ex eo me adprobare, sed omnibus scriptoribus infinitas ago gratias.”

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © President and Fellows of Harvard College 1935

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alföldi, A.Die Ausgestaltung des monarchischen Zeremoniells am römischen Kaiserhofe. Mitt. d. Deutschen Arcb. Inst. Röm. Abteilung, XLIX, 1934, 3 (esp. 25-73).Google Scholar
Altheim, F.Römische Religionsgeschichte. III. Die Kaiserzeit. (Sammlung Göschen). Berlin-Leipzig, 1933.Google Scholar
Balsdon, J. P. V. D. The Emperor Gaius (Caligula). Oxford, 1934, 157173.Google Scholar
Bolkestein, H.Theophrastos' Charakter der Deisidaimonia. Giessen, 1929.Google Scholar
Beurlier, E.Le culte impérial. Son histoire et son organisation depuis Auguste jusqu'à Justinien. Paris, 1891.Google Scholar
Danby, H.The Mishnah, translated from the Hebrew with introduction and brief explanatory notes. Oxford, 1933.Google Scholar
Edson, C. J.Legitimus Honor, a note on Hellenistic ruler-worship. Harv. Theol. Rev. XXVI, 1933, 324 f.Google Scholar
Eitrem, S.Zur Apotheose. Symbolae Osloenses, X, 1932, 31 ff., XI, 1933, 11 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elmslie, W. A. L.The Mishna on Idolatry 'Aboda Zara. In Text and Studies, VIII, Cambridge, 1911.Google Scholar
Ferguson, W. S.Legalized Absolutism en route from Greece to Rome. Am. Hist. Rev. XVIII, 1912, 29 ff.Google Scholar
Ferguson, W. S.The Leading Ideas of the New Period. CAH. VII, 1928, Chapter I.Google Scholar
Gow, A. S. F.Notes on the Persae of Aeschylus. Journ. Hell. Stud. XLVIII, 1928, 135.Google Scholar
Horst, D. J.Proskynein. (Zur Anbetung in Urehristentum nach ihrer religionsgeschichtlichen Eigenart). Gütersloh, 1932.Google Scholar
Immisch, O. Zum antiken Herrscherkult in Aus Roms Zeitwende (Das Erbe der Alten, IIte Reihe, XX), 1931, 3 ff.Google Scholar
Kornemann, E.Zur Geschichte der antiken Herrscherkulte. Klio I, 1901, 51 ff.Google Scholar
Mommsen, Th. Römisches Staatsrecht. Ed. 3, II, 755 ff., 817, 833, 886, 1134.Google Scholar
Nock, A. D.Sallustius. Concerning the Gods and the Universe. Cambridge, 1926.Google Scholar
Nock, A. D.Studies in the Graeco-Roman Beliefs of the Empire. J.H.S. XLV, 1925, 84 ff.Google Scholar
Nock, A. D.Notes on Ruler-Cult, I-IV. J.H.S. XLVIII, 1928, 21 ff.Google Scholar
Nock, A. D.Σύνναοѕ θεός Harv. Stud. in Class. Phil. XLI, 1930, 1 ff.Google Scholar
Nock, A. D.Religious developments from Vespasian to Trajan. Theology, 1928, 1 ff.Google Scholar
Pfister, F.Die Religion der Griechen und Römer. Leipzig, 1930.Google Scholar
Pieters, A.Emperor Worship in Japan. Internat. Rev. of Missions, IX, 1920, 340 ff.Google Scholar
Pippidi, D. M.Le “numen Augusti.” Rev. Ét. Lat. XI. 1931, 83 ff.Google Scholar
Pippidi, D. M.La date de l'era Numinis Augusti de Rome. ib. XIII, 1933, 435 ff.Google Scholar
Reid, J. S.Roman Ideas of Deity. Journ. Rom. Stud. VI, 1916, 171184.Google Scholar
Sauter, F.Der römische Kaiserkult bei Martial und Statius. Stuttgart-Berlin, 1934.Google Scholar
Scott, K.The deification of Demetrius Poliorcetes. Am. J. Phil. XLIX, 1928, 137, 217.Google Scholar
Scott, K.Greek and Roman honorific months. Yale Class. Studies, II, 1931, 221 ff.Google Scholar
Scott, K.Plutarch and the Ruler Cult. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. LX, 1929, 117 ff.Google Scholar
Scott, K.The Significance of Statues in Precious Metals in Emperor Worship. ib. LXII, 1931, 101 ff.Google Scholar
Scott, K.The Elder and the Younger Pliny on Emperor Worship, ib. LXIII, 1932, 156 ff.Google Scholar
Scott, K.Statius' adulation of Domitian. Am. J. Phil. LIV, 1933, 247 ff.Google Scholar
Tarn, W. W.Hellenistic Civilization. Ed. 2. London, 1930, 4452.Google Scholar
Taylor, L. R.The Divinity of the Roman Emperor. Middletown, Conn. 1931.Google Scholar
Taylor, L. R.Tiberius' Refusals of Divine Honors. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. LX, 1929, 87.Google Scholar
Taylor, L. R.The ‘Proskynesis’ and the Hellenistic Ruler Cult. J.H.S. XLVII, 1927, 53.Google Scholar
Weinreich, O.Antikes Gottmenschentum. Neue Jahrb. f. Wiss. u. Jugendbildung, II, 1926, 633 ff.Google Scholar
Weinreich, O. Menekrates Zeus und Salmoneus. Tübinger Beiträge, 18, Stuttgart, 1933.Google Scholar