Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T11:43:12.709Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

God and the World: William Paley's Argument from Perfection Tradition—A Continuing Influence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2011

John T. Baldwin
Affiliation:
Andrews University

Extract

William Paley is best remembered for his formulation of the watch analogy in his classic Natural Theology (1802). What is less widely known is that in the same work, Paley, in response to Erasmus Darwin, anticipates the argument from perfection. The present discussion traces the argument from perfection tradition from its probable inception in Natural Theology through important moments in its subsequent history. The discussion will address its contemporary wide-ranging impact upon such thinkers as philosopher of religion Alvin Plantinga, as well as scholars standing outside the tradition, such as geneticist Richard Goldschmidt and paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould. The article concludes with a discussion of the theological significance of this research in terms of its impact upon the issue of the relationship between God and the world.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © President and Fellows of Harvard College 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Paley, William, Natural Theology (1802; reprinted Houston: St. Thomas, 1972) 321Google Scholar.

2 Ibid.

3 Darwin, Erasmus, Zoonomia; or the Laws of Organic Life (2 vols.; London: Johnson, 1796) 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 503.

4 Ibid., 1. 506–7.

5 Paley, Natural Theology, 322.

6 Darwin, Zoonomia, 1. 507.

7 Ibid., 1. 509.

8 Paley, Natural Theology, 323.

9 Himmelfarb, Gertrude, Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution (New York: Norton, 1968) 337Google Scholar.

10 Paley, Natural Theology, 127.

11 Ibid., 322.

12 Wallace, Alfred Russel, “Geological Climates and the Origin of Species,” The Quarterly Review 126 (1869) 392Google Scholar.

13 Letter of Darwin to Wallace. Down, Bromley, Kent, 27 March 1869. Published in Marchant, James, Alfred Russel Wallace: Letters and Reminiscences (New York: Harper, 1916) 197Google Scholar.

14 Huxley, Thomas H., “Mr. Darwin's Critics,” The Contemporary Review 18 (1871) 472Google Scholar.

15 Wallace, “Geological Climates.” 394.

16 Mivart, St. George, On the Genesis of Species (New York: Appleton, 1871) 5455CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

17 Ibid., 73–75.

18 Bergson, Henri, Creative Evolution (New York: Holt, 1911) 65Google Scholar.

19 Goldschmidt, Richard, The Material Basis of Evolution (1940; reprinted Hanover, MA: Halliday, 1982) 67Google Scholar.

20 Ibid., 325–26.

21 Taylor, A. E., Does God Exist? (New York: Macmillan, 1947) 61Google Scholar.

22 Eldredge, Niles and Gould, Stephen Jay, “Punctuated Equilibria: An Alternative to Phyletic Gradualism,” in Eldredge, Niles, ed., Time Frames (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985) 207Google Scholar.

23 Gould, Stephen Jay, The Panda's Thumb (New York: Norton, 1980) 189Google Scholar.

24 Ibid.

25 Ibid.

26 Frazzetta, Tom, “From Hopeful Monsters to Bolyerine Snakes?” The American Naturalist 104 (1970) 63CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

27 Ibid., 64.

28 Taylor, Does God Exist? 61.

29 Kenny, Anthony, Reason and Religion: Essays in Philosophical Theology (New York: Blackwell, 1987) 84Google Scholar.

30 Ibid.

31 Schleiermacher, Friedrich, The Christian Faith (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976) 200Google Scholar.

32 Plantinga, Alvin, “When Faith and Reason Clash: Evolution and the Bible,” Christian Scholar's Review 21 (1991) 25Google Scholar.

33 Ibid.

34 Ibid.

35 Ibid.

36 Polkinghorne, John, “God's Action in the World,” Cross Currents 41 (1991) 305Google Scholar.

37 Hoyle, Sir Fred and Wickramasinghe, Chandra, Evolution from Space (1981; reprinted New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982) 9697Google Scholar.