Legal Empowerment of the Poor (LEP), which has recently been launched as a new conceptual and operational tool for poverty eradication, has attracted considerable attention in the face of claims that poverty persists partly because the poor do not enjoy legal rights or the power to exercise those rights. This essay provides a brief overview of the conceptual foundations of the LEP approach as reflected primarily in the main report of the Commission of Legal Empowerment of the Poor (CLEP). It thereafter critically examines the LEP's potential of promoting pro-poor governance and strengthening the protection and promotion of basic socio-economic and political rights of the poor. It argues that it is not only crucial to strengthen the theoretical underpinnings of the concept by recognizing the links between legal and political empowerment, but to also closely link the LEP with the general development experience so far.