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Bravely stepping into the arena, we first tackle Paul J. Burton's Friendship and Empire, which strikes a blow for the Romans, though he disclaims participation in the ‘defensive/offensive’ imperialism debate. He uses theory, the comparatively optimistic I(nternational) R(elations) Constructivism rather than IR (Neo-)Realism, though without abandoning the latter completely, to show that Roman foreign relations in his period were conceived in terms of amicitia rather than of Ernst Badian's clientela; and, more importantly, that language has an impact on how we construct global realities. History matters, and Roman diplomatic concepts should be considered on their own terms. Once individual friendship and its uncertainties and dissolution have been analysed, three empirical core chapters follow, which apply theory to cases in the categories of ‘Beginnings’, with discussion of socii, deditio voluntary and involuntary, and fides; ‘Duties’ (cf. le don); and ‘Breakdown and Dissolution’ (usually simultaneous). This sensitive contribution is detailed and persuasive, though least strong on breakdown. Look at the outbreak of the Third Punic War: the Romans were disturbed by an ‘internal unilateral adjustment in status-perception’ (323). Action spoke louder than fair words.
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6 Policing the Roman Empire. Soldiers, Administration, and Public Order. By Fuhrmann, Christopher J.. New York, Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. xxiv + 330Google Scholar. 4 b/w illustrations, 1 map. Hardback £45, ISBN: 978-0-19-973784-0.
7 The Roman Empire in Context. Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Edited by Arneson, Johann P. and Raaflaub, Kurt A.. Malden, MA, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Pp. xiv + 416CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Hardback £90, ISBN: 978-0-4706-5557-3.
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18 The Formation of Papal Authority in Late Antique Italy. Roman Bishops and the Domestic Sphere. By Sessa, Kristina. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2012. Pp. xvi + 323Google Scholar. 1 map. Hardback £60, ISBN: 978-1-107-00106-0.
19 Law, Language, and Empire in the Roman Tradition. By Ando, Clifford. Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. Pp. xii + 168CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Hardback £32.50, ISBN: 978-0-8122-4354-3.
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21 Tales of the Barbarian. Ethnography and Empire in the Roman West. By Woolf, Greg. Blackwell Bristol Lectures on Greece, Rome, and the Classical Tradition. Chichester and Malden, MA, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Pp. viii + 168CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Hardback £55, ISBN: 978-1-4051-6073-5.
22 Velleius Paterculus. The Roman History. From Romulus and the Foundation of Rome to the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius. Translated, with introduction and notes, by Yardley, J. C. and Barrett, Anthony A.. Indianapolis, IN, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2011. Pp. l + 174Google Scholar. 1 map. Hardback £32.95, ISBN: 978-1-60384-592-2; paperback £11.95, ISBN: 978-1-60384-591-5,.
23 Roman Historiography. An Introduction to its Basic Aspects and Development. By Mehl, Andreas. Translated by Mueller, Hans-Friedrich. Blackwell Introductions to the Classical World. Malden, MA, and Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Pp. x + 290Google Scholar. Hardback £75, ISBN: 978-1-4051-2183-5.
24 If Rome Hadn't Fallen. What Might Have Happened if the Western Empire Had Survived. By Venning, Timothy. Barnsley, Pen and Sword Books Military, 2011. Pp. xviii + 184Google Scholar. 2 maps. Hardback £19.99, ISBN; 978-1-8488-4429-2.
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