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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 March 2022
As Andrea Nightingale notes in her persuasive new monograph, scholars often seem reticent to acknowledge the theological context within which Plato develops his metaphysics. By analysing and emphasizing the language of divinity applied to the forms, soul, and cosmos across four dialogues, the Symposium, Phaedo, Phaedrus, and Timaeus, Nightingale builds a case for rehabilitating Plato's status as a fundamentally ‘theological philosopher’. She argues that the tendency to sideline Plato's theological thinking compromises our reading of the dialogues: ‘To understand his philosophy, we need to locate his ideas in the context of Greek religious discourses and practices’ (8). Nightingale achieves this in two ways. The first is by offering brief but useful explanations of key Athenian rituals and belief sets, such as the Eleusinian Mysteries, epiphany, and Orphism. The second is by analysing allusions to and adaptations of these practices and ideas within the dialogues. Her conclusion is that, via his explanation of knowledge, psychology, and metaphysics in terms of the divine, Plato develops a novel conception of human beings, and philosophers in particular, in terms of their relation to the divine.
1 Philosophy and Religion in Plato's Dialogues. By Andrea Nightingale. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. xii + 296. 4 illustrations. Hardback £29.99, ISBN: 978-1-108-83730-9.
2 Plato's ‘Theaetetus’ Revisited. Edited by Beatriz Bossi and Thomas M. Robinson. Berlin, De Gruyter, 2020. Pp. viii + 309. 1 colour illustrations, 18 tables. Hardback £109, ISBN: 978-3-11-071526-2.
3 Essays in Ancient Epistemology. By Gail Fine. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. x + 417. Hardback £80, ISBN: 978-0-19-874676-8.
4 Plato's Ion. Poetry, Expertise, and Inspiration. By Franco V. Trivigno. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 68. Paperback £15, ISBN: 978-1-108-71345-0.
5 Relative Change. By Matthew Duncombe. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 63. Paperback £15, ISBN: 978-1-108-71342-9.
6 The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle's Biology. Edited by Sophia Connell. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. xviii + 355. 2 illustrations. Hardback £85, ISBN: 978-1-107-19773-2; paperback £24.99, ISBN: 978-1-316-64787-5.
7 Aristotle on How Animals Move. The De incessu animalium. Text, Translation, and Interpretative Essays. Edited by Andrea Falcon and Stasinos Stavrianeas. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. xviii + 315. 15 illustrations, 6 tables. Hardback £90, ISBN: 978-1-108-49133-4.
8 Cosmology and Biology in Ancient Philosophy. From Thales to Avicenna. Edited by Ricardo Salles. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. xii + 311. Hardback £75, ISBN: 978-1-108-83657-9.
9 Hypatia. The True Story. By Silvia Ronchey. Berlin, De Gruyter, 2021. Pp. xvi + 268. Hardback £72.50, ISBN: 978-3-11-071757-0.