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The Scientific Ethos of Reagan’s America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 July 2017

Extract

While States Have Always Been in Competition, modern states are in competition in an historically unique way. Only since the Second World War has it become generally appreciated that the mastery of technical change is vital to economic success, to such military security as is available, and, in short, to political achievement in a world in which expectations are un-precedentedly high. Since the political system of a state is inescapably a major factor in that state’s overall performance, it follows that the efficiency and effectiveness of the world’s various political systems are now, in an important sense, under long-term test. Whether over time most systems will tend to an asymptotic common performance, or whether some will reveal themselves as objectively ‘better’ than others is thus, really for the first time, a meaningful issue, and one which each succeeding generation can be expected to do a little more to resolve. In this context particular interest attaches in the immediate future to the relative performances of the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and Western Europe, the latter considered both as separate states and collectively. This article is concerned only with the United States, but a reference frame of permanent international competition, in accommodating to and capitalizing upon technical change, needs to be borne in mind throughout.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Government and Opposition Ltd 1987

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References

1 King, Anthony (ed.), The New American Political System, Washington DC, The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1978, p. 388 Google Scholar. See also Chubb, John E. and Peterson, Paul E., The New Directions in American Politics, Washington DC, The Brookings Institution, 1985 Google Scholar.

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5 More generally useful is Treadway, Jack, Public Policy Making in the American States, New York, Praeger, 1985 Google Scholar.

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7 Recent literature in this area includes Barger, Harold M., The Impossible Presidency: Illusions and Realities of Executive Power, Glenview Ill., Scott, Foreman, 1984 Google Scholar, and Lowi, Theodore, The Personal President: Power Invested, Promise Unfulfilled, Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1985 Google Scholar.

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12 As with the military industrial complex, the literature in the area of US science policy/science advice is now vast. A useful recent addition is Lambright, W. Henry, Presidential Management of Science and Technology: The Johnson Presidency, Austin, University of Texas Press, 1985 CrossRefGoogle Scholar. The scientific and technical community has since 1957 been a very powerful lobby — and one which has had the very great advantage of institutionalized access to the White House.

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