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The European Community and the European Convention on Human Rights
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2014
Extract
ON 2 MAY 1979, THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNIties adopted a Memorandum on the accession of the European Communities to the ‘Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms’ signed in Rome on 4 November 1950 by the Member States of the Council of Europe and which entered into force on 3 September 1953. This memorandum which constitutes a document aimed at stimulating thought on the problems posed by the accession of the EEC and which concludes in favour of such a step, has been sent to the other institutions and organs of the European Communities. It is intended to start a debate within these institutions and organs and in all interested circles within the Member States.
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References
2 Supplement 2/79 to the Bulletin of the European Communities.
3 Twenty‐one at the present time.
4 It is not possible to cite all the literature on the Community and the safeguard of human rights. The following is a short selection of the more important studies: The protection of fundamental rights in the European Community, Supplement 5/76 to the Bulletin of the European Communities (also available in Danish, Dutch, French and German); Cohen Jonatan, G., ‘La Cour des Communautés européennes et les droits de l’homme,' Revue du Marché Commun, 1978, p. 74 Google Scholar ff; ‘Le Parlement européen et les droits de l’homme', ibid., 1978, pp. 384 ff; Frowein, J., Die Grundrechte in der Europäische Gemeinschaft, Baden‐Baden, 1978 Google Scholar; H. Golsong, ‘Grundrechtschutz im Rahmen der Europäische Gemeinschaften: ist der Katalog der in der EMRK enthaltenen Grundrechte für die EG verwendbar’, Europäische Grundrechte Zeitschrift 1978 pp. 346 ff; ‘Zur Frage des Beitritts der Europäischen Gemeinschaften zur Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention’, ibid., 1979, pp. 70 ff; O. Pescatore, ‘La protection juridictionnelle des droits fondamentaux dans la Communauté européenne’, Rapport présentéà la Fédération internationale pour le droit européen (FIDE), Brussels, 1975; H. Schermers, G., ‘The Communities under the European convention on human rights’, Legal issues of European integration, 1978/1, pp. 1 ffGoogle Scholar.
5 The reader will notice that we refer, in this article, sometimes to the Community, sometimes to the Communities. Legally speaking one must always refer to the Comnunities as there still exist three distinct international organizations (the ECSC, the EEC and EURATOM). But as these three organizations have the same members, are nanaged by the same institutions and the Member States try to coordinate their external policy, it is usual, and moreover recommended by the European Parliament, to refer to them, whenever possible, by the expression ‘Community’.
6 Bulletin of the European Communities, Nr. 12/73, p. 126, point 2501.
7 Bulletin of the European Communities, Nr. 3/78, p. 5.
8 O J C Nr. 39, 12 February 1979, p. 47.
9 Authors' italics.
10 O J C Nr. 127, 21.5.1979, p. 69.
11 France, Cyprus, Greece, Malta, Spain and Turkey have not so far permitted individual applications.
12 With the exception of Malta and Turkey, all contracting parties have accepted the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court. Liechtenstein has not yet adopted a position on this point.