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Chile, France and Italy: A Discussion
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2014
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IS MITTERAND ANOTHER ALLENDE? WOULD BERLINGUER, ONCE IN power, observe the constitutional rules of the game as carefully as the Chilean communists? Is the Chilean road to power likely to provide a model for the accession to power of Communist Parties in other countries, notably France and Italy, where these parties command a sizeable electoral following, and where they could, as in France, since 27 June 1972, form part of an electoral, and subsequently of a governmental, coalition with the socialist parties and other left-wing parties or wings of parties? Such questions are bound to occur.
It will have been noticed from the present collection of essays by Chilean political scientists and politicians, that the Chileans themselves do not indulge in such prognostications. On the contrary, President Allende's maxim that ‘Our revolution is not for export’ seems to represent the majority opinion in Chile. It is in Latin Europe, rather than in Latin America that the evolution of the Chilean experiment is watched with mixed hopes and fears.
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References
1 The participants were: Dr J. Biehl, the Catholic University of Santiago; Dr Martin Clark, University of Edinburgh; Professor S. E. Finer, University of Manchester; Professor G. Ionescu, University of Manchester; Mr D. Kavanagh, University of Manchester; Dr K. Medhurst, University of Manchester; Professor Landsberger, University of North Carolina; Dr I. de Madariaga, University of London; Dr S. White, University of Glasgow. The writers of these notes, G. Ionescu and I. de Madariaga, would like to express their gratitude to the participants in this conference, which helped to clarify many of the issues of comparability ‐ while at the same time making it clear that the opinions expressed here do not represent the views of the conference as a whole.
2 See in particular the article by H. Bicheno, pp. 351–88.
3 Le Monde, 19 March 1972.
4 Parti communiste français, Programme pour un gouvernement démocratique d'action populaire, Editions Sociales, Paris, 1971.
5 J. Garces, ‘Chile 1971: A Revolutionary Government within a Welfare State’, pp. 281–304.
6 Quiros‐Varela, L., ‘Agrarian Reform and Political Processes’, in Chileans’ Chile, McGibbon and Kee, forthcoming Google Scholar.
7 H. Zemelman, ‘Political Opposition to the Government of Allende’, pp. 328–50.
8 See J. Garcés, pp. 284 ff., above.
9 But a shrewd observer has noted that the army's co‐operation has been invited precisely in those regions where tension between armed landowners and aggressive peasants might lead to serious trouble, See Labrousse, A., L’expérience chilienne, Paris, Seuil, 1972 Google Scholar.
10 J. Garcés, op. cit.
11 Sunkal, Oswaldo, ‘Big business and “dependencia”’, Foreign Affairs, 04 1972 Google Scholar.
12 The opposition voted a law in Congress on 19 February 1972 which severely limited the power of the president to nationalize industry by executive action alone. See also H. Zemelman, op. cit., p. 348.
13 Corvalàn, Luis, Camino de victoria, Horizonte, Santiago, 1971 Google Scholar.
14 Parti communiste français, Programme pour un gouvernement démocratique d’union populaire, Le Monde, 13 October 1971.
15 Programme, p. 149 and p. 155.
16 ‘What is Popular Union’ in Nouvelle Critique, March 1972.
17 Unità, 19 March 1972.
18 ‘These are not an adventurist Leftism, and a “serious”, “political” leftism; leftism is in any case adventurism with political justifications without any consistency which produce the most unlikely and most dangerous methods. To those who light fires and afterwards ask us to put them out when things go badly, we reply “NO! We don’t play this game!‘… The leftist agitation and its provocation can only favour the game of the reaction.’ H. Krasucki, Secretary of the CGT, member of the political bureau of the French Communist Party, in Le Monde, 23 March 1972.
19 An image reflected in the very modern, functional building of the French Communist Party in Paris.