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A Voyage of the Mind, 1930–1980

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2014

Karl W. Deutsch
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POLITICS WAS A CONCERN OF MINE SINCE I WAS SIX YEARS OLD. It did not start in the library. It began a decade before 1930 in the campaign meetings of my mother who was one of the first women Members of Parliament in the Czechoslovak Republic, for the Social Democratic Party in a Sudeten German workingclass constituency. By 1930 I was 18 years old and an active member of the youth organization of that party. In that year I saw Nazi parades in Berlin, prior to the Nazis’ first big success in the German elections of that year. Soon there were Nazi meetings – later thinly disguised as Henlein party meetings – in the Sudetenland and in Prague where I became a student at the German University and where my family and I belonged to the German minority. Problems of the labour movement, depression, unemployment, nationalism and Fascism were real events unrolling before my eyes.

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Article
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Government and Opposition , Volume 15 , Issue 3-4 , 01 July 1980 , pp. 323 - 345
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Copyright © Government and Opposition Ltd 1980

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References

1 Chamberlin, E. H., The Theory of Monopolistic Competition, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1933; Joan Robinson, The Economics of Imperfect Competition, 3rd ed., London, Macmillan, 1936; Deutsch, K. W., ‘Nationalistic Intolerance and Economic Interest’, in Deutsch, Tides Among Nations, New York, Free Press, 1979, pp. 44–64.Google Scholar

2 Now reprinted, with the abbreviated notes, in Tides Among Nations, pp. 35–43.

3 For some of the ideas current in this group, see Bridgman, P. W., The Logic of Modern Physics, New York, Dorer, 1927;Google Scholar Morris, Charles (ed.), Encyclopedia of Unified Science, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1938; Philip Frank, Modern Science and Its Philosophy, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1940, and Relativity: A Richer Truth, Boston, Beacon Press, 1950; Conant, J. B., On Understanding Science, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1947; Thomas Kuhn, Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1962. 2nd ed. 1970.Google Scholar

4 See the Symposia of the Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion, edited by Lyman Bryson et al., New York, Harper, 1945–55.Google Scholar

5 Text reprinted in John Burchard (ed.), Q. E.D.: M. I. T. in World War II, New York, John Wiley, 1948.Google Scholar

6 See Deutsch, K. W., ‘The Place of the Behavioral Sciences in Graduate Training in International Relations’, Behavioral Science, 3: 3, 07 1948, pp. 278–83,Google Scholar and ‘Recent Trends in Research Methods in Political Science’, in Charlesworth, J. C. (ed.), A Design for Political Science, The American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, Monograph No. 6, 12 1966, pp. 149–77.Google Scholar

7 Grinker, Roy et al., Toward a Unified Theory of Human Behavior, New York, Basic Books, 1956, 2nd ed. 1967.Google Scholar

8 Deutsch, K. W., Nationalism and Social Communication, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 1953; 2nd rev. ed. 1964; 3rd rev. ed. publ. sched. 1980–81.Google Scholar

9 Macridis, R. C., Cox, R., ‘Research in Comparative Politics’, American Political Science Review, 1953, pp. 641–57.Google Scholar

10 Russetts, B. M., Alker, H. R., Jr, Deutsch, K. W. and Lasswell, H. D., World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1964, and Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 1977;Google Scholar Taylor, C. L. and Hudson, M. C., World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators: Second Edition, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1972, 1975; Taylor, C. L., World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators, 3rd ed., forthcoming.Google Scholar

11 Now in Tides Among Nations, pp. 13–34.

12 Deutsch, K. W., Burell, S. B. et al., Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1957, 1968, and also New York, Greenwood Press, 1969. See also the essays in Part III of Tides Among Nations, pp. 179–294.Google Scholar

13 See e. g. my Introduction to the enlarged edition of Quincy Wright’s A Study of War, 2 vols., Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1965, reprinted in Journal of Conflict Resolution, 14:4, December 1970, pp. 474–78, and ‘In Memory of Quincy Wright’, P. S., Winter 1971, pp. 107–9.

14 See Brown, Harcourt et al., Science and the Creative Spirit, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1958.Google Scholar

15 Deutsch, K. W. and Edinger, L. J., Germany Rejoins the Powers, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1959.Google Scholar

16 Richard Savage, I. and Deutsch, K. W., ‘A Statistical Model for the Gross Analysis of Transaction Flows’, Econometrica, 28: 3, 07 1960, pp. 551–72;Google Scholar and with Madow, William, ‘A Note on the Appearance of Wisdom in Large Bureaucratic Organizations’, Behavioral Science, 6: 1, 01 1961, pp. 72–78.Google Scholar

17 The Nerves of Government, New York, Free Press, 1963, 1966; The Analysis of International Relations, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice‐Hall, 1968, rev. ed. 1979; Politics and Government, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1970, 2nd rev. ed. 1974, 3rd rev. ed. 1980, and ed. and co‐author, Eco‐Social Systems and Ecopolitics, Paris, UNESCO, 1977.

18 See Deutsch, K. W. and Eckstein, Alexander, ‘National Industrialization and the Declining Share of the International Economic Sector, 1890–1959’, World Politics, 13:2, 01 1961, pp. 267–99;Google Scholar Deutsch, K. W., Bliss, C. I. and Eckstein, A., ‘Population, Sovereignty and the Share of Foreign Trade’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 10: 4, 07 1962, pp. 353–66;Google Scholar Deutsch, K. W. and Russett, B. M., ‘International Trade and Political Independence’, American Behavioral Scientist, 6: 7, 03 1963, pp. 18–20;Google Scholar Deutsch, K. W. and Merritt, R. L., Transnational Communications and the International System’, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 442, 1979, pp. 84–97.Google Scholar

19 See Wiener, Norbert, Cybernetics, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1948, 2nd ed. 1962;The Human Use of Human Beings, Boston, Houghton Mifflin,Google ScholarPubMed 1950 (see also Wiener’s Preface there); God and Golem, Inc., New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962; Deutsch, K. W. and Wiener, N., ‘The Nationalism of Rudyard Kipling’, Yale Review, 52: 4, 06 1963, pp. 499–517;Google Scholar and Deutsch, K. W., ‘Some Memories of Norbert Wiener’, IIEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, May 1975, Vol. SMC‐5, No. 3, pp. 368–72Google Scholar

20 See e. g. Kochen, M. and Deutsch, K. W., Decentralization: Sketches Toward a Rational Theory, Cambridge, MA, Oelschlager, Gunn & Hain, 1980.Google Scholar

21 See e. g. White, Harrison C., ‘Cause and Effect in Social Mobility Tables’, Behavioral Science, 8:00, 1963, and ‘Everyday Life in Stochastic Networks’, in Alker, Deutsch and Stoetzel (eds), op. cit., pp. 287–300.Google Scholar

22 See note 17, above.

23 See note 10, above.

24 See Deutsch, K. W. and Foltz, W. J. (eds), Nation‐Building, New York, Atherton Press, 1963, 2nd ed., 1966.Google Scholar

25 Weilenmann, Hermann, Die vielsprachige Schweiz, Zurich, 1925; Pax Helvetica, Zurich, Rentsch Verlag, 1951.Google Scholar

26 E. g., Deutsch, K. W. and Weilenmann, Hermann, ‘The Swiss City Canton: A Political Invention’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 7:4, 07 1965, pp. 393–408;Google Scholar ‘The Valais: A Case Study in the Development of a Bilingual People’, Orbis, 10: 4, Winter 1967, pp. 1269–97.

27 Friedrich, Carl J., The Age of the Baroque, New York, Harper, 1952, and Man and His Government, New York, McGraw‐Hill, 1963.Google Scholar

28 Cf. Deutsch, K. W. and Wildenmann, R. (eds), Mathematical Political Analysis: From Methods to Substance, Munich, Olzog, 1975.Google Scholar

29 Miller, J. G., Living Systems, New York, Wiley, 1977.Google Scholar

30 See Kochen, M. and Deutsch, K. W., ‘Toward a Rational Theory of Decentralization’, The American Political Science Review, 63: 3, 09 1969, pp. 734–49,Google Scholar and ‘Decentralization by Function and Location’, Management Science, 19: 8, April 1973, pp. 841–56; and note 20, above.

31 David Singer, J. (ed.), Correlates of War I and II, New York, Free Press, 1979; Singer, J. D. and Small, , The Wages of War, New York, Free Press, 1974; Deutsch, M. and Singer, K. W., ‘Multipolar Power Systems and International Stability’, World Politics, 16: 3, 04 1964, pp. 390–406; Deutsch, K. W., Singer, J. D. and Smith, Keith, ‘The Organizing Efficiency of Theories’, The American Behavioral Scientist, 9: 2, 10 1965, pp. 30–3.Google Scholar Cf. also Singer, J. D. (ed.), Human Behavior and International Politics, Chicago, Rand‐McNally, 1965.Google Scholar

32 See Platt, John R., The Step to Man, New York, Wiley, 1966;Google Scholar Deutsch, K. W., Platt, J. R. and Senghaas, D., ‘Conditions Favoring Major Advances in the Social Sciences’, Science, 3970 6 02 1971 , pp. 450–59;Google ScholarPubMed Platt, J. R., ‘Eight Major Evolutionary Jumps Today’, in Markovits, A. and Deutsch, K. W. (eds), Fear of Science vs. Trust of Science, Cambridge, MA, Oelschlager, Gunn & Hain, 1980 (forthcoming).Google Scholar

33 E. g., Rapoport, A. and Chammah, A., Prisoners’ Dilemma, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

34 See e. g., Sidjanski, Dusan (ed.), Méthodes Quantitatives et Integration Européenne, Institut Universitaire d’Etudes Européennes, Geneva, 1970.Google Scholar

35 See e. g., Deutsch, K. W. and Senghaas, D., ‘The Steps to War’, in Mcgowan, P. J. (ed.), Sage International Yearbook of Foreign Policy Studies, vol. 1, London and Beverly Hills, CA, Sage,1973, pp. 275–329;Google Scholar and ‘The Fragile Sanity of States’, in Kilson, M. (ed.), New States in the Modern World, Harvard University Press, 1975; pp. 482–98;CrossRefGoogle Scholar Gantzel, K. J. (ed.), Herrschaft und Befreiung in der Weltgesellschaft, Frankfurt a/M‐New York, Campus Verlag, 1975.Google Scholar

36 E. g., Dominguez, J., Cuba, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1979;Google Scholar Katzenstein, P., Disjointed Partners: Austria and Germany Since 1815, Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, 1976;Google Scholar Luc Reychler, Patterns of Diplomatic Thinking: A Cross‐national Study of Structural and Social Physchological Determinants, New York, Praeger, 1979. See also Dominguez, J. and Deutsch, K. W., ‘Political Development Toward National Self‐Determination’, Comparative Political Studies, 4: 4, 01 1972, pp. 461–75.Google Scholar

37 I was fascinated by the results of Werner Kaltefleiter’s earlier computer simulation of alternative electoral systems for the Federal Republic of Germany, which showed that neither of the two main parties could expect any significant gains from any of the proposed other systems of voting and representation, For other examples of work, significant for me, see Narr, W. ‐D., Theoriebegriffe und Systemtheorie, Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 1969,Google Scholar and W. ‐D. Narr and F. Naschold, Theorie der Demokratie, Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 1971; D. Senghaas, note 34, above; Zapf, W., ‘Some Problems of Time Series Analysis in Research on Modernization’, Social Science Information, 10, 1971, pp. 53–102 Google Scholar

38 Alker, Hayward R., Jr, Deutsch, K. W. and Stoetzel, Antoine (eds), Mathematical Political Analysis, Amsterdam‐New York, Elsevier, 1973.Google Scholar

39 See Fritsch, Bruno, The Fourth World, Cambridge, MA, Ballinger, 1975,Google Scholar and Limited Growth and Political Power, ibid., 1976; Deutsch, K. W., Fritsch, Bruno, Jaguaribe, Helio and Markovits, Andrei (eds), Problems of World Modeling, Cambridge, MA, Ballinger, 1977; Deutsch, K. W. and Fritsch, Bruno, Zur Theorie der Vereinfachung: Reduktion von Komplexität in der datenverarbeitung für Weltmodelle, Königstein/Taunus, Athenäum Verlag, 1980.Google Scholar

40 For a survey of some of these models, see Problems of World Modeling (note 38, above); Deutsch, K. W., ‘Political Science in the Age of World Modeling’, and Brian Pollins, ‘A Survey of Fourteen Formal Models of International Trade’, International Institute for Comparative Social Research, Science Centre Berlin, Paper forthcoming.Google Scholar

41 See Deutsch, K. W., ‘On Inequality and Limited Growth: Some World Political Effects’, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 19, 12 1975, pp. 381–98.Google Scholar

42 Bremer, Stuart A. et al., Weltmodellstudien: Wachstumsprobleme und Lösungsprobleme, Athenäum, Hain, Scriptor, Hanstein, Kronsberg/Ts., 1980;Google Scholar Merritt, R. L. (ed.), Innovation in the Public Sector, forthcoming.Google Scholar

43 See note 39, above.

44 See notes 23 and 42, above, and Merritt, R. L. (ed.), Innovation in the Public Sector, forthcoming.Google Scholar