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⁴ A good example is provided by the Court of ECOWAS (the Economic Community of West African States), see Alter, KJ, Helfer, LR and McAllister, JR, ‘A New International Human Rights Court for West Africa: The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice’ (2013) 107 American Journal of International Law 737.Google Scholar

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⁷ See Wiener et al. (n 1) 6, emphasis added.

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⁴⁶ See, e.g., Engel and Others v the Netherlands, Judgment of 8 June 1976, series A No 22, 1 EHRR 647.

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⁵⁰ Art 53(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights.

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⁵⁶ See ibid 568–70.

⁵⁷ See ibid 581.

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⁶⁷ See, e.g., Constitution of Spain, art 10(2); Constitution of Portugal, art 16(2); Constitution of Colombia, art 93(2); Constitution of Romania, art 20(1); Constitution of South Africa, art 39(1).

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⁷⁰ For analysis, see Sadurski (n 42) 148–55.

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