Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T19:19:51.805Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

ON THE LOCAL-INDICABILITY COHEN–LYNDON THEOREM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

YAGO ANTOLÍN
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK e-mail: [email protected]
WARREN DICKS
Affiliation:
Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain e-mail: [email protected]
PETER A. LINNELL
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, USA e-mail: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

For a group H and a subset X of H, we let HX denote the set {hxh−1 | hH, xX}, and when X is a free-generating set of H, we say that the set HX is a Whitehead subset of H. For a group F and an element r of F, we say that r is Cohen–Lyndon aspherical in F if F{r} is a Whitehead subset of the subgroup of F that is generated by F{r}. In 1963, Cohen and Lyndon (D. E. Cohen and R. C. Lyndon, Free bases for normal subgroups of free groups, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 108 (1963), 526–537) independently showed that in each free group each non-trivial element is Cohen–Lyndon aspherical. Their proof used the celebrated induction method devised by Magnus in 1930 to study one-relator groups. In 1987, Edjvet and Howie (M. Edjvet and J. Howie, A Cohen–Lyndon theorem for free products of locally indicable groups, J. Pure Appl. Algebra45 (1987), 41–44) showed that if A and B are locally indicable groups, then each cyclically reduced element of A*B that does not lie in AB is Cohen–Lyndon aspherical in A*B. Their proof used the original Cohen–Lyndon theorem. Using Bass–Serre theory, the original Cohen–Lyndon theorem and the Edjvet–Howie theorem, one can deduce the local-indicability Cohen–Lyndon theorem: if F is a locally indicable group and T is an F-tree with trivial edge stabilisers, then each element of F that fixes no vertex of T is Cohen–Lyndon aspherical in F. Conversely, by Bass–Serre theory, the original Cohen–Lyndon theorem and the Edjvet–Howie theorem are immediate consequences of the local-indicability Cohen–Lyndon theorem. In this paper we give a detailed review of a Bass–Serre theoretical form of Howie induction and arrange the arguments of Edjvet and Howie into a Howie-inductive proof of the local-indicability Cohen–Lyndon theorem that uses neither Magnus induction nor the original Cohen–Lyndon theorem. We conclude with a review of some standard applications of Cohen–Lyndon asphericity.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Glasgow Mathematical Journal Trust 2011

References

REFERENCES

1.Antolín, Y., Dicks, W. and Linnell, P. A., Non-orientable surface-plus-one-relation groups, J. Algebra 326 (2011), 433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Brodskiĭ, S. D., Equations over groups, and groups with one defining relation, Siberian Math. J. 25 (1984), 235251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Chiswell, I. M., Collins, D. J. and Huebschmann, J., Aspherical group presentations, Math. Z. 178 (1981), 136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Cohen, D. E. and Lyndon, R. C., Free bases for normal subgroups of free groups, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 108 (1963), 526537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Dicks, W. and Dunwoody, M. J., Groups acting on graphs, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics 17 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989), xvi+283 pp. Errata at: http://mat.uab.cat/~dicks/DDerr.htmlGoogle Scholar
6.Edjvet, M. and Howie, J., A Cohen–Lyndon theorem for free products of locally indicable groups, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 45 (1987), 4144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Fischer, J., Karrass, A. and Solitar, D., On one-relator groups having elements of finite order, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 33 (1972), 297301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Howie, J., On pairs of 2-complexes of equations over groups, J. Reine Angew. Math. 324 (1981), 165174.Google Scholar
9.Howie, J., On locally indicable groups, Math. Z. 180 (1982), 445461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Howie, J., Cohomology of one-relator products of locally indicable groups, J. London Math. Soc. 30 (1984), 419430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Howie, J., A short proof of a theorem of Brodskiĭ, Publ. Mat. 44 (2000), 641647.Google Scholar
12.Howie, J. and Pride, S. J., A spelling theorem for staggered generalized 2-complexes, with applications, Invent. Math. 76 (1984), 5574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Karrass, A. and Solitar, D., On a theorem of Cohen and Lyndon about free bases for normal subgroups, Canadian J. Math. 24 (1972), 10861091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Lyndon, R. C., Cohomology theory of groups with a single defining relation, Ann. of Math. 52 (1950), 650665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Lyndon, R. C. and Schupp, P. E., Combinatorial group theory, Ergeb. Math. Grenzgeb. 89 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1977), ix+339 pp.Google Scholar