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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 May 2009
1. There are exceptional integrals of the total differential equation
in the case when it is not completely integrable, and so when the invariant
is not identically zero, which do not seem to be mentioned by any standard authorities such as Cartan, Goursat, de la Vallée Poussin, and Schouten and Kulk. These are integrals of (1) which do not reduce I to zero. They arise only when the first partial derivates of P, Q, R are not all continuous. A simple example is z = 0 as an integral of