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Report on the Bundesverfassungsgericht's (Federal Constitutional Court) Jurisprudence in 2005/2006

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

Extract

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The Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) is a constitutional body charged with the task of ensuring that all state institutions, i.e. the legislator as well as the judiciary and executive branches, obey the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its review standard is the Grundgesetz (Basic Law). Since its foundation in 1951, the Court has helped to secure respect and effectiveness for the free democratic constitutional order. The decisions have far-reaching repercussions, which becomes particularly clear when the Court declares a law unconstitutional. Given the large number of cases handed down every year – at present nearly 5,000 constitutional complaints come before the Federal Constitutional Court annually – it is nearly impossible to give a representative summary of the comprehensive case law. Therefore, the report will concentrate on a selection of four decisions that have drawn the most attention over the course of the years 2005 and 2006.

Type
Developments
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 by German Law Journal GbR 

References

1 Donald P. Kommers, The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany (2d ed., 1997); Donald P. Kommers, An Introduction to the Federal Constitutional Court, 2 German Law Journal (GLJ) No. 9 (2001), at http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=19 for an introduction to the function and jurisprudence of the Federal Constitutional Court.Google Scholar

2 The Grundgesetz is Germany's constitution.Google Scholar

3 The total number of proceedings in the year 2005 ran up to 5105, available at http://www.bverfg.de/organisation/gb2005/A-II-2.html (last accessed 31 January 2008).Google Scholar

4 Süddeutsche Zeitung, 20 October 2004, 1; Die Welt, 20 October 2004, 4, 8; taz – die Tageszeitung, 20 October 2004, 7.Google Scholar

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6 BVerfGE 111, 307, 2 BvR 1481/01, 14 October 2004.Google Scholar

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11 BVerfGE 111, 307, 316.Google Scholar

12 See Jarass, Art. 25 GG, in Grundgesetz Kommentar, margin number 1a (Hans D. Jarass/Bodo Pieroth ed., 8th ed. 2006).Google Scholar

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14 BVerfGE 111, 307, 317.Google Scholar

15 BVerfGE 111, 307, 317.Google Scholar

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17 BVerfGE 111, 307, 317318.Google Scholar

18 BVerfGE 111, 307, 318319.Google Scholar

19 BVerfGE 111, 307, 319.Google Scholar

20 The decisions of the ECHR are only binding on the parties in the proceedings.Google Scholar

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23 BVerfGE 111, 307, 323.Google Scholar

24 BVerfGE 111, 307, 323.Google Scholar

25 BVerfGE 111, 307, 323.Google Scholar

26 BVerfGE 111, 307, 319.Google Scholar

27 BVerfGE 111, 307, 323324.Google Scholar

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29 BVerfGE 111, 307, 325326.Google Scholar

30 BVerfGE 111, 307, 327.Google Scholar

31 BVerfGE 111, 307, 328329.Google Scholar

32 BVerfGE 111, 307, 329.Google Scholar

33 BVerfGE 111, 307, 329.Google Scholar

34 BVerfGE 111, 307, 329330.Google Scholar

35 BVerfGE 111, 307, 330.Google Scholar

36 BVerfGE 111, 307, 330.Google Scholar

37 BVerfGE 111, 307, 330.Google Scholar

38 BVerfGE 111, 307, 331.Google Scholar

39 BVerfGE 111, 307, 331332.Google Scholar

40 BVerfGE 111, 307, 331.Google Scholar

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50 Id., at para. 76-81.Google Scholar

51 BVerfGE 101, 361, 395.Google Scholar

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53 BVerfG, Beschluss vom 10. Juni 2005, 1 BvR 2790/04, margin number 33.Google Scholar

54 BVerfG, Beschluss vom 10. Juni 2005, 1 BvR 2790/04, margin number 38.Google Scholar

55 BVerfGE 114, 121, 2 BvE 4/05, 25 August 2005.Google Scholar

56 Art. 68 para. 1 of the Basic Law reads: “Where a motion of the Chancellor for a vote of confidence is not carried by the majority of the member of the Bundestag, the President may, upon the proposal of the Chancellor, dissolve the Bundestag within twenty-one days. The right of dissolution lapses as soon as the Bundestag elects another Chancellor with the majority of its members.”Google Scholar

57 BVerfGE 62, 1.Google Scholar

58 BVerfGE 62, 1, 42.Google Scholar

59 Simon Apel, Christian Körber & Tim Wihl, The Decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court of 25 August 2005 Regarding the Dissolution of the National Parliament, 6 GLJ 1244 (2005).Google Scholar

60 There also were two dissenting opinions of judges Rinck (BVerfGE 62, 1, 70) and Rottmann (BVerfGE 62, 1, 108) who both could not see a situation of a political crisis.Google Scholar

61 Concerning the population density.Google Scholar

62 BVerfGE 114, 121.Google Scholar

63 BVerfGE 114, 121, 170181. by judge Jentsch.Google Scholar

64 BVerfGE 114, 121, 182195. by judge Lübbe-Wolff.Google Scholar

65 BVerfGE 62, 1.Google Scholar

66 See above, B. I. 1.Google Scholar

67 BVerfGE 114, 121, 162166.Google Scholar

68 BVerfGE 114, 121, 166169.Google Scholar

69 BVerfGE 114, 121, 168169.Google Scholar

70 § 30 para. 2 of the Bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetz (Federal Constitutional Court Act) states that each judge of the BVerfG has the right to issue dissenting or concurring opinions. If attached to the published judgment, it is called a “Sondervotum”.Google Scholar

71 BVerfGE 114, 121, 195.Google Scholar

72 BVerfGE 114, 121, 188.Google Scholar

73 BVerfGE 114, 121, 171172.Google Scholar

74 BVerfGE 114, 121, 178.Google Scholar

75 See Apel, Körber & Wihl, supra note 59, at 1252.Google Scholar

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78 Pestalozza, supra note 76, at 2819.Google Scholar

79 Pestalozza, supra note 76, at 2820.Google Scholar

80 Schneider, , Der Kotau von Karlsruhe. Zur Kapitulation des Bundesverfassungsgerichts vor der Politik, 53 Zeitschrift für Politik (ZfP) 123-142 (2006).Google Scholar

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82 Heckötter, Ulrike & Spielman, Christoph, An Expression of Faith in the German Public, European Constitutional Law Review (EuConst) 15 (2006).Google Scholar

83 Mager, , supra note 76, at 295.Google Scholar

84 Heckötter, & Spielman, , supra note 82, at 17.Google Scholar

85 Degenhart, Christoph, Staatsrecht I, 21st ed. (2005), margin number 12-13.Google Scholar

86 Degenhart, , supra note 85, at 62.Google Scholar

87 Heckötter, & Spielman, , supra note 82, at 17.Google Scholar

88 Mager, , supra note 76, at 295.Google Scholar

89 Sodan, Helge & Ziekow, Jan, Grundkurs Öffentliches Recht (2005), para. 14, margin number 2.Google Scholar

90 Heckötter, & Spielman, , supra note 82, at 18.Google Scholar

91 Busse, Volker, Auflösung des Bundestages als Reformproblem, 20 Zeitschrift für Rechtspolitik (ZRP) 257-260 (2005), who recommends an amendment of Art. 39 of the Basic Law. Heckötter & Spielman, supra note 82, at 19-20.Google Scholar

92 Heckötter, & Spielman, , supra note 82, at 19-20.Google Scholar

93 BVerfGE 115, 320, 1 BvR 518/02, 4 April 2006.Google Scholar

94 § 31 para 1 at that time read: “The police is allowed to demand the transfer of individual-related data of certain groups of persons out of data-files from public and non-public institutions in case it is necessary for the defense from a present threat for the existence or the safety of the state or the federal state or for the physical condition, life or freedom of a person.” Para 2 stated, which data could be demanded, para 3 ruled that data had to be deleted after the purpose was served or after it became futile. In para 4, the need for a Local Court's ruling was determined, while para 5 ruled the conditions of the information of the persons concerned.Google Scholar

95 See BVerfGE 115, 320, 328.Google Scholar

96 The police searched for persons matching with the following criteria: male, aged 18 to 40, (former) student, of Islamic Religion, native country or nationality of certain countries with a predominantly Islamic population, see BVerfGE 115, 320 (323).Google Scholar

97 See § 12b of the Atomgesetz (Nuclear Facilities Act).Google Scholar

98 OLG Düsseldorf, Beschluss vom 8.2.2002, 3 Wx 351/01, 21 Neue Zeitschrift für Verwaltungsrecht (NVwZ) 629-631 (2002).Google Scholar

99 BVerfGE 115, 320, 341370.Google Scholar

100 BVerfGE 115, 320, 371381.Google Scholar

101 BVerfGE 115, 320, 347357.Google Scholar

102 See e.g. Gabriele Kett-Straub, Data Screening of Muslim Sleepers Unconstitutional, 7 GLJ 971 (2006).Google Scholar

103 BVerfGE 115, 320, 347348.Google Scholar

104 BVerfGE 115, 320, 349.Google Scholar

105 BVerfGE 115, 320, 349.Google Scholar

106 BVerfGE 115, 320, 350351.Google Scholar

107 BVerfGE 115, 320, 352.Google Scholar

108 BVerfGE 115, 320, 352353.Google Scholar

109 BVerfGE 115, 320, 352353.Google Scholar

110 BVerfGE 115, 320, 353.Google Scholar

111 BVerfGE 115, 320, 353354.Google Scholar

112 BVerfGE 115, 320, 354356.Google Scholar

113 BVerfGE 115, 320, 357-366; explicitly pointed out and criticised by Judge Haas in her dissenting opinion, BVerfGE 115, 320, 377378.Google Scholar

114 BVerfGE 115, 320, 358.Google Scholar

115 BVerfGE 115, 320, 361.Google Scholar

116 BVerfGE 115, 320, 364.Google Scholar

117 BVerfGE 115, 320, 368.Google Scholar

118 BVerfGE 115, 320, 369370.Google Scholar

119 BVerfGE 115, 320, 371381.Google Scholar

120 BVerfGE 115, 320, 371374.Google Scholar

121 BVerfGE 115, 320, 372.Google Scholar

122 BVerfGE 115, 320, 373.Google Scholar

123 BVerfGE 115, 320, 374376.Google Scholar

124 BVerfGE 115, 320, 377378.Google Scholar

125 BVerfGE 115, 320, 379.Google Scholar

126 BVerfGE 115, 320, 381.Google Scholar

127 BVerfGE 115, 320, 381.Google Scholar

128 See e.g. Schewe, Christoph, Das Ende der präventiven Rasterfahndung zur Terrorismusbekämpfung?, 26 Neue Zeitschrift für Verwaltungsrecht (NVwZ) 174-177 (2007); Michael P. Robrecht, Die präventive Rasterfahndung im Lichte der aktuellen Verfassungsrechtsprechung – Straftatenvorsorge ade?, 15 Sächsische Verwaltungsblätter (SächsVBl.) 80-88 (2007).Google Scholar

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136 Luftsicherheitsgesetz (Aviation Security Act), BGBl I, p. 78.Google Scholar

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138 According to Article 93 para. 1 No. 4-a of the Basic Law, the Federal Constitutional Court decides on complaints of unconstitutionality, being filed by any person claiming that one of his basic rights has been violated by public authority.Google Scholar

139 BVerfGE 115, 118, 126.Google Scholar

140 BVerfGE 115, 118, 126128.Google Scholar

141 BVerfGE 115, 118, 127.Google Scholar

142 BVerfGE 115, 118, 126127.Google Scholar

143 BVerfGE 115, 118, 134135.Google Scholar

144 BVerfGE 115, 118, 134135.Google Scholar

145 BVerfGE 115, 118, 140.Google Scholar

146 BVerfGE 115, 118, 142143.Google Scholar

147 BVerfGE 115, 118, 143.Google Scholar

148 BVerfGE 115, 118, 146.Google Scholar

149 BVerfGE 115, 118, 143144.Google Scholar

150 BVerfGE 115, 118, 146.Google Scholar

151 BVerfGE 115, 118, 146147.Google Scholar

152 BVerfGE 115, 118, 147148.Google Scholar

153 BVerfGE 115, 118, 147148.Google Scholar

154 BVerfGE 115, 118, 149.Google Scholar

155 BVerfGE 27, 1, 6; BVerfGE 30, 1, 26; BVerfGE 87, 209, 228; BVerfGE 96, 375, 399.Google Scholar

156 BVerfGE 115, 118, 151152.Google Scholar

157 BVerfGE 115, 118, 153.Google Scholar

158 BVerfGE 115, 118, 153154.Google Scholar

159 BVerfGE 115, 118, 154155.Google Scholar

160 BVerfGE 115, 118, 157.Google Scholar

161 BVerfGE 115, 118, 157.Google Scholar

162 BVerfGE 115, 118, 156157.Google Scholar

163 BVerfGE 115, 118, 157.Google Scholar

164 BVerfGE 115, 118, 158.Google Scholar

165 BVerfGE 115, 118, 158.Google Scholar

166 BVerfGE 115, 118, 158159.Google Scholar

167 BVerfGE 115, 118, 159.Google Scholar

168 BVerfGE 115, 118, 156.Google Scholar

169 BVerfGE 115, 118, 160165.Google Scholar

170 BVerfGE 115, 118, 160161.Google Scholar

171 BVerfGE 115, 118, 163164.Google Scholar

172 BVerfGE 115, 118, 164.Google Scholar

173 BVerfGE 115, 118, 165.Google Scholar

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176 Baldus, Manfred, Streitkräfteeinsatz zur Gefahrenabwehr im Luftraum - Sind die neuen luftsicherheitsgesetzlichen Befugnisse der Bundeswehr kompetenz- und grundrechtswidrig?, 23 Neue Zeitschrift für Verwaltungsrecht (NVwZ) 1278 (2004).Google Scholar

177 Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 27.5.2006, p. 1, 4.Google Scholar

178 Article 79 para. 2 Basic Law.Google Scholar