Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-wpx69 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-13T18:29:12.923Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Introduction: Mapping the Pluralist Character of Cultural Approaches to Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This introduction explains the title of this special issue as a call for transdisciplinary and culturally-oriented research on law in Germany. In an initial overview of pluralism, the text asserts that a German discussion of the pluralistic nature of legal authority predates the twentieth-century one within legal anthropology, legal theory, and political philosophy. The first part of the text reviews the early discussion of legal pluralism in the context of debates about state formation and an appropriate balance of forms of normative authority. This discussion points to the inherent plurality and affectivity of law. The second part of the introduction, in turn, is devoted to an argument in favor of the culturally-embedded and - mediated nature of legal phenomena made through an analysis of images relating to the so-called refugee crisis. On the basis of this analysis, it is posited that critical cultural methods and concepts are needed to comprehend current processes such as the so-called Europeanization of law, the increasing heterogeneity of legal systems and cultures, and to critically bracket the idea of “legal culture” in and of itself. The last part of the introduction offers an overview of the essays in this special issue. On the one hand, each essay contributes to the thesis that law is pluralistic and has to be investigated interdisciplinarily, using a plurality of methods. On the other hand, all of the contributions make a different kind of claim for how law transpires and is transported through theatrical, visual means, narratives, and affects.

Type
Introduction: Arguments for Cultural Approaches to Law
Copyright
Copyright © 2017 by German Law Journal, Inc. 

References

1 I am grateful to Franz Reimer, Birte Christ, and Frans-Willem Korsten for their critical readings of this text. The infelicities that remain are purely of my own making. Franz Reimer and I also wish to thank sincerely Maren Walinski, Lisa Beckmann, Madeline Kienzle, and Stefanie Rück for their assistance in bringing this special issue to completion.Google Scholar

2 Justice Susanne Baer, in her closing remarks at the conference “Autonomie des Rechts” (The Autonomy of Law), which was held in Frankfurt (Mar. 5, 2016).Google Scholar

3 Oxford English Dictionary Online, pluralism, n., (September 2006), http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/146193?redirectedFrom=pluralism#eid.Google Scholar

4 Id. and Merriam-Webster Dictionary, pluralism, (n.d.), http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pluralism.Google Scholar

5 And which was generously supported by the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, International Graduate Centre for the Study of Culture.Google Scholar

6 Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Toward a New Legal Common Sense (2002).Google Scholar

7 Manji, Ambreena S., Imaging Women's ‘Legal World’: Towards a Feminist Theory of Legal Pluralism in Africa, 8 Soc. & Legal Stud. 435, 435–37 (1999).Google Scholar

8 Jacob Grimm, Von der Poesie im Recht (On the Poetry in Law) 65 (1816). Translations from the German are mine. The original reads: „Ich musz endlich noch zum beweis der poesie, die in dem alten recht, rechnen. seine vergnügtheit; worunter ich die neigung verstehe, den leuten nicht gerade zu alles und jegliches fest vorzustecken und auszumessen, so dasz sie alles gerade so wie es sich ereignet von weitem kommen sehen.“ Google Scholar

9 The German lexeme Rechtswissenschaftler, which is used generally to describe legal academicians and legal theorists, means literally a scientist of law, and the legal faculties at German universities are called Rechtswissenschaften, the sciences of law.Google Scholar

10 Recht has alternative denotations as law and justice in German.Google Scholar

11 Rudolf von Jhering, Der Kampf um's Recht 45 (1872). The original reads: “Die Kraft des Rechts ruht im Gefühl, ganz so wie in der Liebe; der Verstand kann das mangelnde Gefühl nicht ersetzen.”Google Scholar

12 See Olson, Greta, The Turn to Passion, in 28 Special Issue of L. & Literature on Legal Personhood, 335 (Frans-Willem Korsten & Yasco Horstmann eds., 2016).Google Scholar

13 The final event of the 2015 Deutscher Juristentag (German Jurists' Conference) was on the Flüchtlingskrise in EuropaKrise des Rechts? (The Refugee Crisis in Europe–A Crisis of Law?).Google Scholar

14 Stefan Machura, Eugen Ehrlich's Legacy in Contemporary German Sociology of Law, in Eugen Ehrlich's Sociology of Law 39, 43 (Knut Papendorf, Stefan Machura & Anne Hellum eds., 2014).Google Scholar

15 Mark Van Hoecke, Methodology of Comparative Legal Research, in Law and Method 1, 26 (Dec. 2015), http://www.bjutijdschriften.nl/tijdschrift/lawandmethod/2015/12/RENM-D-14-00001.Google Scholar

16 Id. at n. pag.Google Scholar

17 Machura supra note 14, at 44–45.Google Scholar

18 Marc Hertogh, A ‘European’ Conception of Legal Consciousness: Rediscovering Eugen Ehrlich, 31 J.L. & Soc'y 4, 457, 474–75 (2004).Google Scholar

19 Adapted from Martin Ramstedt, Anthropological Perspectives on Law and Religion, in Routledge Handbook of Law and Religion (Silvio Ferrari ed., forthcoming).Google Scholar

20 Paul Schiff Berman, Global Legal Pluralism 11, 13, & 25 (2014).Google Scholar

21 Chantal MOUFFE, AGONISTICS 3 & 6 (2013).Google Scholar

22 Lawrence Friedman, The Legal System 223 (1975).Google Scholar

23 Cover of The Economist of Europe's Boat People: A Moral and Political Disgrace (Apr. 25–May 1, 2015).Google Scholar

24 Thomas Keenan, Mobilizing Shame, 1302.2/3 The South Atlantic Q. 435, 435–36 (2004).Google Scholar

25 Nazgol Ghandnoosh, Race and Punishment: Racial Perceptions of Crime and Support for Punitive Policies, The Sentencing Project 2223 (2014), http://sentencingproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Race-and-Punishment.pdf. It is arguably significant that the child in question is Caucasian in terms of the elicitation of audience empathy: Work on punitive attitudes in the United States suggests that a disproportionate amount of crime reporting concentrates on white females, who are arguably also infantilized as reporters' victims of choice, and that this media trend contributes to racial stereotypes concerning crime.Google Scholar

26 Zeit Online, Ban Ki Moon ruft zu Mitgefühl mit Flüchtlingen auf (Sept. 30, 2015), http://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2015-09/ban-ki-moon-un-vollversammlung-solidaritaet-fluechtlinge; The University of Sheffield, Aylan Kurdi: How a Single Image Transformed the Debate on Immigration (Dec. 14, 2015), https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/news/nr/aylan-kurdi-social-media-report-1.533951.Google Scholar

27 Süddeutsche Zeitung, Briten wollen Tausende Flüchtlinge aus Syrien aufnehmen (Sept. 4, 2015), http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/premierminister-cameron-briten-wollen-tausende-fluechtlinge-aus-syrien-aufnehmen-1.2634609; Bundesregierung, Effektive Verfahren, frühe Integration (Oct. 26, 2015), https://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/Artikel/2015/10/2015-10-15-asyl-fluechtlingspolitik.html as well as Bundesregierung; Hilfen für minderjährige Flüchtlinge (Oct. 16, 2015), https://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/Artikel/2015/07/2015-07-15-auslaendische-kinder-jugendliche.html.Google Scholar

28 Belinda Paul, Riesen-Graffiti zeigt toten Flüchtlingsjungen, Hessenschau (Mar. 10, 2016), http://hessenschau.de/kultur/riesen-graffiti-in-frankfurt-zeigt-toten-fluechtlingsjungen,aylan-graffiti-102.html.Google Scholar

29 On prejudices regarding Muslim men, see Mohanty, Chandra, Under Western Eyes, in Feminism without Borders 17 (2003); on Orientalism see Said, Edward W., Orientalism (1978); on the traditional collocation of criminality with foreign men in Germany, see Sadowski, Helga, Depiction of Female Migrants in German Mass Media, 41.6 Critical Soc. 951 (2011); Rainer Geißler, Mediale Integration von ethnischen Minderheiten, Wiso Diskurs, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, https://www.uni-siegen.de/phil/sozialwissenschaften/soziologie/mitarbeiter/geissler/wiso-diskurs.pdf [Sept. 2, 2016]; Ilka Sommer, ‘Ausländerkriminalität’ – statistische Daten und soziale Wirklichkeit, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (June 14, 2012), http://www.bpb.de/politik/innenpolitik/innere-sicherheit/76639/auslaenderkriminalitaet?p=all; Stratenschulte, Eckhart D., Freiheit oder Sicherheit – Dilemma oder falscher Gegensatz?; Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Nov. 22, 2010), http://www.bpb.de/internationales/europa/europa-kontrovers/38185/einleitung?p=0,; Der ‘kriminelle Ausländer’ – Vorurteil oder Realität? Zum Stereotyp des ‘kriminellen Ausländers’, 1 IDA-NRW 3 (2008).Google Scholar

30 Arthur Kreuzer, Silvesterübergriffe in Köln und Hamburg – eine kriminologische Zwischenbilanz, Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung (Jan. 9, 2016), http://www.arthur-kreuzer.de/GAZ_1_2016_Silvesteruebergriffe_in_Koeln_und_Hamburg.pdf; Philipp Seibt, Sexualstrafrecht: Was ist, was kommt, welche Lücken bleiben? (Jan. 11, 2016), http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/justiz/sexualstrafrecht-die-rechtliche-situation-im-ueberblick-a-1071445.html; Deutsche Presse Agentur, Reaktion auf Kölner Übergriffe: Opposition fordert schärferes Sexualstrafrecht, Spiegel Online (Jan. 8, 2016), http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/koelner-uebergriffe-schaerferes-sexualstrafrecht-von-gruenen-und-linken-gefordert-a-1071214.html; Tatjana Hörnle, Betatschen ist nicht immer strafbar, FAZ (Jan. 11, 2016), http://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/sexualstrafrecht-betatschen-ist-nicht-immer-strafbar-14007043.html; and Zeit Online, Bundesregierung will kriminelle Ausländer schneller abschieben (Jan. 12, 2016), http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2016-01/bundesregierung-kriminelle-auslaender-ausweisung. Legal source: Bundesministerium für Justiz und Verbraucherschutz, Referentenentwurf des Bundesministeriums der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz, http://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Gesetzgebungsverfahren/Dokumente/RefE_SchutzSexuelleSelbstbestimmung.pdf;jsessionid=F34CFB715C1BAFEEEFF0DB9372251F95.1_cid289?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 (May 31, 2016).Google Scholar

31 Silbey, Susan S., Legal Culture and Cultures of Legality, in Handbook of Cultural Sociology, 470–79 (Hall, John R., Laura Grindstaff, & Ming-Cheng Lo eds., 2010); Moran, Lesley J., Legal Studies after the Cultural Turn: A Case Study of Judicial Research, in Social Research after the Cultural Turn, 124–43 (Sasha Roseneil & Stephen Frosch eds., 2012).Google Scholar

32 Karl Engisch, Die Einheit der Rechtsordnung (1987) [1935].Google Scholar

33 Cf. Ralf Michaels, Code vs. Code, Nationalist and Internationalist Images of the Code Civil in the French Resistance to a European Codification, 8 European Review of Contract Law 120 (2012) and Nigel Farage, Innocent until Proven Guilty? Not under the EU's Justice System, The Independent (Nov. 10, 2013), http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/innocent-until-proven-guilty-not-under-the-eus-justice-system-8931215.html; see also Kayman chapter in this volume.Google Scholar

34 Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities 43 (2006).Google Scholar

35 in this pseudo-reality television series, fictional legal cases were introduced and commented on by lawyers as though they had actually occurred.Google Scholar

36 Silbey supra note 31, at 470–79.Google Scholar

37 Cf. in particular the works of Lawrence Friedman: Lawrence Friedman, Legal Culture and Social Development, 4.1 L. & Soc'y Rev., 2944 (1969); Lawrence Friedman, The Legal System (1975); Lawrence Friedman, Is there a Modern Legal Culture?, 7 Ratio Juris, 117–31 (1994).Google Scholar

38 Silbey, Susan S., After Legal Consciousness, 1 Ann. Rev. L. & Soc. Sciences,323-68 (2005); Broekman, Jan M., Legal Subjectivity as a Precondition of the Intertwinement of Law and the Welfare State, in Dilemmas of Law in the Welfare State, 76–109 (Gunther Teubner ed., 1986).Google Scholar

39 Irene Schneider, Der Ṭalāq auf Reisen: Kodifikation, Geschlechtergleichheit und Islamischer Personalstatut in der globalen postkolonialen Moderne, in Religionsfreiheit und Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter, 133–59 (Juliane Kokott & Ute Mager eds., 2014).Google Scholar

40 Peter Brooks, Narrative Transactions—Does the Law Need a Narratology?, 18 YALE J.L. & HUMAN. 1 (2006).Google Scholar