Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T19:20:29.639Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Disability Law in Germany: An Overview of Employment, Education and Access Rights

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

Martin Kock

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Under German law, people with disabilities are entitled to help and assistance in order to avert, eliminate or improve their disability. The general goal is to overcome, as much as possible, the disability's effects and to enable the disabled to participate in all areas of society, especially in the labor market and in community life. The Federal Government is obliged to a barrier-free design and construction of public buildings, streets, etc. and to provide barrier-free access to communication, especially in the field of administrative Internet sites, official forms and notifications. In the area of public transportation, all facilities and means of transportation (bus, train, aircraft) are also required to be barrier-free. The same applies to restaurants.

Type
Private Law
Information
German Law Journal , Volume 5 , Issue 11 , 01 November 2004 , pp. 1373 - 1392
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 by German Law Journal GbR 

References

1 With effect from 1 July 2001.Google Scholar

2 With effect from 1 May 2002.Google Scholar

3 Art. 3 para. 2 Grundgesetz (German Basic Code).Google Scholar

4 Cf. § 1 SGB IX; § 1 BGG.Google Scholar

5 § 1 SGB IX.Google Scholar

6 § 1 BGG.Google Scholar

7 § 101 para. 1 SGB IX.Google Scholar

8 § 102 SGB IX; for details cf. B.1Google Scholar

9 § 104 SGB IX.Google Scholar

10 See also § 3 BGG. The definition is based on proposals of the World Health Organization.Google Scholar

11 Bundesarbeitsgericht (Federal Labor Court) of 7 March 2003 – 2 AZR 612/00; Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court) of 21 October 1987 – 5 C 42/84.Google Scholar

12 Bundessozialgericht (Federal Social Court) of 9 April 1997 – 9 RVs 4/95; Bundessozialgericht of 18 September 2003 – B 9 SB 3/02Google Scholar

13 § 2 para. 2 SGB IX.Google Scholar

14 Data survey from 2001 according to the Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherheit (Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security).Google Scholar

15 § 2 para. 3 SGB IX.Google Scholar

16 Oberverwaltungsgericht (Administrative High Court) of North-Rhine Westphalia of 30 July 1958 – VII A 1458/5a.Google Scholar

17 Explicitly for public authorities.Google Scholar

18 § 63 SGB IX. This right of action for organizations is not typical for the German legal culture and has its legal grounds in the EU-Directive 2000/78/EG.Google Scholar

19 § 12 BGG.Google Scholar

20 § 13 BGG.Google Scholar

21 § 5 BGG.Google Scholar

22 § 5 para. 1 BGG.Google Scholar

23 § 33 SGB IX.Google Scholar

24 § 33 para. 3 SGB IX.Google Scholar

25 E.g. technical equipment for the workplace, aids for the acquisition of or special equipment for a motor vehicle – for details see Kraftfahrzeughilfe-Verordnung (Motor Vehicle Assistance Regulation).Google Scholar

26 § 35 SGB IX.Google Scholar

27 § 44 para. 1 SGB IX.Google Scholar

28 § 71 et seq. SGB IX.Google Scholar

29 § 77 para. 2 SGB IX.Google Scholar

30 Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) of 1 October 2004 – 1 BvR 2221/03 with reference to the unemployment rate of disabled in comparison to non-disabled people (14,6% to 10,6% in April 2003).Google Scholar

31 § 81 SGB IX. The Betriebsrat (works council) may object to hiring a new employee if the employer did not comply with his review obligation beforehand, cf. Bundesarbeitsgericht of 10 November 1992 – 1 ABR 21/92.Google Scholar

32 Bundearbeitsgericht of 14 November 1989 – 1 ABR 88/88.Google Scholar

33 Bundesarbeitsgericht of 5 October 1995 – 2 AZR 923/94). This also applies to questions about a disability if the disability affects the applicant's ability to fulfill his or her job responsibilities.Google Scholar

34 Cf. the opinions of Schaub, Neue Zeitschrift für Arbeitsrecht 299, 301 (2003); Messingschlager, , Neue Zeitschrift für Arbeitsrecht 301 (2003); Joussen, , Neue Juristische Wochenschrift 2857 (2003); Brors, , Der Betrieb 1734 (2003).Google Scholar

35 Cf. § 81 para. 2 SGB IX.Google Scholar

36 § 81 para. 2 SGB IX.Google Scholar

37 Bundesarbeitsgericht of 28 May 1975 – 5 AZR 172/74. The Court explicitly remained undecided if this also applies in the event that the applicant's reduced performance is caused by the disability.Google Scholar

38 Id.Google Scholar

39 § 81 para. 4 SGB IX; cf. also Bundesarbeitsgericht of 3 December 2002 – 9 AZR 481/01.Google Scholar

40 Id.; Bundesarbeitsgericht of 10 July 1991 – 5 AZR 383/90; Bundesarbeitsgericht of 23 January 1964 – 2 AZR 289/63.Google Scholar

41 § 81 para. 4 SGB IX.Google Scholar

42 Bundesarbeitsgericht of 10 June 1991 – 5 AZR 383/90.Google Scholar

43 § 81 para. 5 SGB IX.Google Scholar

44 Bundesarbeitsgericht of 10 July 1991 – 5 AZR 383/90.Google Scholar

45 Bundesarbeitsgericht of 28 April 1998 – 9 AZR 348/97; Bundesverwaltungsgericht of 28 February 1968 – V C 33.66.Google Scholar

46 Bundesarbeitsgericht of 29 January 1997 – 2 AZR 9/96.Google Scholar

47 Federal Labor Court of 28 April 1998 – 9 AZR 348/97.Google Scholar

48 Bundesarbeitsgericht of 28 February 1968 – V C 33.66. The Bundesarbeitsgericht, however, ruled that this could be possible if the other employee is not a disabled person and in the event that the dismissal results in no social hardship for the dismissed employee.Google Scholar

49 § 85 et seq. SGB IX.Google Scholar

50 § 89 para. 1 sent. 2 SGB IX.Google Scholar

51 § 89 para. 1sent. 1 SGB IX.Google Scholar

52 § 89 para. 4 SGB IX.Google Scholar

53 § 90 para. 1 SGB IX.Google Scholar

54 § 1 para. 3 Kündigungsschutzgesetz (Protection against unfair Dismissal Act).Google Scholar

55 See Ubber, Gesetz zu Reformen am Arbeitsmarkt, German L.J. Vol 05, No. 02, 135.Google Scholar

56 § 125 para.1 SGB IX.Google Scholar

57 Id.Google Scholar

58 Bundesarbeitsgericht of 3 December 2002 – 9 AZR 462/01.Google Scholar

59 Cf. Schwerbehinderten-Ausgleichsabgabeverordung (Severely Disabled Compensation Levy Regulation).Google Scholar

60 For details see § 72 para. 2 SGB IX.Google Scholar

61 § 219 SGB III.Google Scholar

62 § 94 para. 1 SGB IX.Google Scholar

63 Id. at para.2.Google Scholar

64 § 95 SGB IX.Google Scholar

65 Id. at para. 2.Google Scholar

66 § 156 para. 1 No. 9 SGB IX.Google Scholar

67 § 96 SGB IX.Google Scholar

68 Bundesarbeitsgericht of 30 April 1988 – 6 AZR 428/84.Google Scholar

69 For details see http://www.bmgs.bund.de/download/gesetze/behinderung/BGBl.pdf Google Scholar

70 § 72 para. 2 SGB IX.Google Scholar

71 § 136 SGB IX.Google Scholar

72 Cf. Oberverwaltungsgericht of Schleswig-Holstein of 19 September 1996 – 3 M 81/96.Google Scholar

73 Cf. Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Administrative High Court) of Baden-Württemberg of 3 September 1996 – 9 S 1971/96.Google Scholar

74 § 2 para. 4 Hochschulrahmengesetz – HRG (Framework Act for Higher Education).Google Scholar

75 § 16 HRG.Google Scholar

76 § 40 Bundessozialhilfegesetz (Federal Social Assistance Act), § 12, 13 Eingliederungshilfeverordnung (Integration Assistance Regulation); see also Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Administrative High Court) of Hesse of 1 March 1994 – 9 UE 1797/91Google Scholar

77 Cf. § 1 BGG.Google Scholar

78 § 8 para. 1 BGG.Google Scholar

79 Id. at para. 2.Google Scholar

80 § 554a Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code).Google Scholar

81 § 4 para. 2a Gaststättenverordnung (Restaurant Regulation).Google Scholar

82 § 8 para. 2 BGG.Google Scholar

83 § 145 SGB IX.Google Scholar

84 Id.Google Scholar

85 § 146 para. 1 SGB IX.Google Scholar

86 Bundessozialgericht of 10 December 1987 – 9 a RVs 11/87; Bundessozialgericht of 7 November 2001 – B 9 SB 3/01 R.Google Scholar

87 § 146 para. 1 SGB IX.Google Scholar

88 § 46 para. 1 Bundeswahlordnung – BWO (Federal Election Regulation).Google Scholar

89 § 57 para. 4 BWO.Google Scholar

90 § 6, 9 para. 1 BGG; for details see Kommunikationshilfenverordnung (Communication Aids Regulation).Google Scholar

91 § 10 para. 1 BGG; for details see Verordnung über barrierefreie Dokumente in der Bundesverwaltung (Regulation on barrier-free Documents in the Federal Administration)Google Scholar

92 § 11 para. 1 BGG.Google Scholar