BRIMSTONE HILL, 779 feet high, on the north-west side of the island of St. Kitts, or St. Christopher, about a third of a mile from the sea, lies about 2½ miles south-west of Mount Misery, the culminating point, which is said to be 3,711 feet high and to have a crater lake. Several other peaks of the island rise to over 1,000 feet, and to the south-east of Mount Misery another weathered cone is Mount Olivees, 2,781 feet high. About 12 miles to the north-west of St. Kitts is the Dutch island of St. Eustatius, or Statia, a dormant volcanic cone about 594 metres high on the south-west side of which great slabs of white sedimentary rock, called the White Wall, are seen tilted up against the side to a height of 315 metres. Further still to the north-west is the volcanic cone of Saba. South-east of St. Kitts, and nearly adjoining it is Nevis, which consists of a central cone and several subsidiary craters. These islands—Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, and Nevis—lie in a slightly curved line in a north-west and south-east direction.

ELEVEN out of twelve samples of East Anglian Uppermost Pliocene and Pleistocene crag, clays, boulder clays, brickearths, and sands yielded foraminiferal faunas which are partly derived from older deposits. One hundred and thirty-one species are recorded, with their distribution in the samples and frequency; thirty-nine are indigenous, one derived from the Lower Pliocene, fifty-eight derived from the Chalk, eighteen derived from the Jurassic, and sixteen of doubtful age. Twenty-seven forms, largely indigenous, are figured; none are new. Notes are given on a few of the species. A short discussion, based solely on the foraminifera, is given of the climatic conditions under which the various deposits were laid down. The Weybourn Crag fauna points to cold conditions, and that of the Chillesford Beds sample to a climate rather less cold. From conflicting evidence and the derived nature of the faunas no very precise conclusions are possible in the case of the Pleistocene deposits, since the faunas contain a sprinkling of species characteristic of temperate or even warm conditions in addition to typically boreal forms.

SINCE the publication of Carpenter and Etheridge’s paper in 1881, in which the characters of Allagecrinus were first made known to us, few records have been noted of any other Scottish specimens belonging to the genus. The specimens figured and described by the above authors were obtained from shale collected by the late Mr. Bennie of the Scottish Geological Survey, the localities being Carlops; Catcraig, near Dunbar; Burlage, near Dunbar; Whitebaulks, near Linlithgow; Addiewell and Roscobie, all in what may be called the East of Scotland; together with a few from Howood and Carluke in the West of Scotland.

HUMAN artifacts can often be very useful to the geologist. When they occur in sufficient numbers and are characteristic, prehistorians can be definite in assigning the industries to a certain culture or cultures, and they can then be utilized by the geologist in the same way as are fossils. In Europe during a part of Quaternary times Lower Palaeolithic cultures flourished. Now Quaternary times in Europe can, of course, be readily subdivided into glacial and interglacial periods, but these naturally did not occur further south. In East Africa geological evidence has been adduced to show that intense pluvial periods took the place of our European glaciations, while during the interglacial phases the African areas suffered from arid conditions. Lower Palaeolithic industries are found at certain levels in East Africa and they enable the geologist to correlate the East African and European sequences. South-East India (Madras) is also not an area where glaciations ever occurred: but, we ask, can geological evidence be adduced to demonstrate climatic changes corresponding to those found to have occurred in East Africa ? Lower Palaeolithic industries occur in great numbers in South-East India; whereas most of them have been merely collected from the surface, and are therefore useless for the purposes of exact dating, a number of finds in situ in definite layers have been made, and as in East Africa these can be used as datum lines for correlating purposes.

THE nature of the faulting which made the Jordan Valley and separated it from the Mediterranean by the Highlands of Judea has been discussed in a memoir by Professor Bailey Willis, “Dead Sea Problem: Rift Valley or Ramp Valley ? ” Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., xxxix, 1928, 490–542, and by Dr. L. Picard, Geological Researches in the Judean Desert, Jerusalem, 1931, 108 pp., 3 pl., and map.

THIS paper describes the occurrence in Queensland of a large mass of limestone of late Palaeozoic age made up almost entirely of the microscopic remains of calcareous algae.

THE material to be described was collected by one of us while in the service of Lobitos Oilfields, Ltd., and was presented to the British Museum (Natural History). We owe our thanks to the Directors for allowing us to examine and report on the specimens, all of which were obtained from the neighbourhood of Lobitos.

IN a previous paper I have described the igneous rocks of that part of Kintyre contained in Sheet 12 of the 1 in. maps of the Geological Survey of Scotland. The present work deals chiefly with the minor intrusions of the greater part of Kintyre N. of Sheet 12, and contained in Sheets 20, 21, 28, and 29.2

THE Bibette Head granite outcrops along the western portion of the north coast of Alderney. The outcrop, as seen at present, is about five-eighths of a mile long in an E.-W. direction and about one quarter of a mile wide. The greater part of the intrusion must, however, be under the sea. The rocks into which this granite is intruded are a rather variable series of diorites, and the contact is a sharp one, although there is a certain amount of veining by the granite. Over a large part of the outcrop the granite is much decomposed and reddened. This would appear to be due largely to the action of iron-bearing solutions, derived from the magma, coming up along fissures which are parallel to the main joint planes. These run in a direction 17° west of north. The same series of solutions were probably responsible also for the epidotization of the granite which is a marked feature in various parts. Recent blasting operations at Bibette Head have exposed a large quantity of fresh granite, and although specimens were collected from all over the outcrop the bulk of the material with which the present investigation is concerned came from there.

Certain facts have emerged from recent work on Pleistocene problems which allow us to review the position and to mark certain dating points in the correlation of British glacial deposits.

The study of the igneous complex of which the Marysville rocks form a part was begun by the writer in 1928, when he first recognized the acid lavas that form the summit of the Blue Hills east of Taggerty, and practically coincide with the edge of the State Forest Reserve extending eastwards from there among the Cerbereans. Although only a small part of the truly enormous mass of igneous rocks was dealt with at that time, it was clear that interesting stratigraphical and petrological results might be obtained by a more detailed survey, and field work was therefore undertaken at Marysville, some 15 miles south of Taggerty, in 1929.

FOR the past two winters it has been the author’s good fortune to undertake the geological work for Miss Caton-Thompson’s investigations into the prehistory of Kharga Oasis. This necessarily involved a close consideration of the water supply in Pleistocene times, the results of which disclosed some interesting new facts and raised climatic questions of more than local interest.

HEAD-shield acutely triangular. Glabella elongated, subpentagonal, widest across middle, gently convex or subcarinate, without furrows or lobes, having anterior half freely projecting in front of cheeks and produced into a long slender straight horizontal spine grooved along its upper and lower surfaces, fully twice the length of the glabella. Axial furrows nearly straight, diverging anteriorly, with a small deep slit-like pit at their anterior end. Fixed cheeks smooth, broadly triangular, nearly equilateral, reaching half-way up the glabella, with posterior lateral angles slightly curved back. (Free cheeks unknown). Facial sutures slightly sigmoidal. Pleuro-occipital furrow straight, strong, marking off rather broad band-like occipital segment; meso-occipital furrow and segment scarcely defined, smooth, without median tubercle.

IN the course of several journeys between Masindi and Butiaba, and one from Butiaba to Hoima (via Waki Camp), specimens of the various gneisses were collected from roadside exposures. Thin sections of these were subsequently studied by the writer in England with the result that they were found to yield evidence of tectonic significance. In addition, the writer has, during the last three years, examined petrographically a large number of other rocks from those parts of Uganda bordering the Lake Albert Depression. In particular he has made a special study of the Charnockite Series, which are widely spread over the northern half of the Protectorate, with the result that it has been possible to observe the effects of the rift valley movements on these rocks in the regions adjacent to Lake Albert. It is hoped to publish a petrological and geochemical study of the Charnockite Series of Uganda in the near future. In the following pages it is proposed in Part I to present petrological evidence from the basement rocks of various districts in the hinterland of the Lake Albert scarps and then in Part II to point out the tectonic significance of this evidence in the light of the various theories of rift valley formation. In Part III the relation between the petrological characters of the volcanic rocks and the rift valley tectonics will be briefly reviewed. In the case of the basement rocks the remarks will be confined to the Lake Albert Depression, but in the case of the volcanic rocks the discussion will extend also to Lakes George and Edward and the Birunga volcanic field.

THE island of Barbados occupies a position of exceptional geographical and geological interest in the West Indian region. Geographically, this island lies outside the festoon chain of the Lesser Antilles and stands isolated as an eastern outpost projecting into the Atlantic. Geologically, it differs in structure and to some extent in the character of its rocks from its neighbours. It is, therefore, important that as much as possible of its geological history should be known. Unfortunately, the Scotland Beds, the oldest formation exposed, are no older than Eocene, and it was with the object of attempting to obtain a clue to the nature of the pre-Tertiary basement that the investigation recorded in these notes was made.

WHILE recently investigating the contact metamorphism of the scattered Carboniferous liestone outcrops in the neighbourhood of Carlingford and Barnavave, Co. Louth, some striking rocks containing large crystals of mica and calcite, and small crystals of pyroxene and spinel were found by the writer at the south-east end of Barnavave Mountain. During the microscopic examination of this material the minerals in question were detected, and it is the purpose of this note to place this interesting occurrence on record.

THE question whether the Permian Shell Limestone Bryozoa Reef of the Middle Magnesian Limestone exists below the Upper Magnesian Limestones in the Hartlepool district was answered in the affirmative about two years ago, when a boring was sunk to a depth of 225 feet at West Hartlepool Waterworks (W on the sketch-map).

MONCREIFFE Hill, Perthshire, is the inclusive name for the series of low hills which form the uplands to the south and south-east of the City of Perth, and whose heather and grasscovered slopes reach in the summit of Moncreiffe Hill proper, a height of 725 feet above sea-level. The alluvium of the River Tay forms the northern boundary of the area under consideration, while on the east and south-east the hills are bounded by a continuation of the northern of the two faults which let down the Upper Old Red Sandstone outlier of the Carse of Gowrie, and by the Carse and Arctic clays of the River Earn. To the east of the City of Perth the area is bounded by the Lower Old Red Sandstone.

IN the early days of the Geological Survey of Scotland, the rocks of the Ballantrae Igneous Complex were thought to be of metamorphic origin. Thus in the memoir explanatory of sheet 7, scale 1 inch = 1 mile, published in 1869, it is stated that the chief interest attaching to the altered strata of this district consists in the fact that they exhibit certain arrested stages of metamorphic action. But less than ten years after that date the erroneous character of this opinion was made abundantly clear by Professor Bonney.Equipped with experience gleaned in the Lizard, Bonney quickly recognized in Ayrshire a correspondence in the nature of the phenomena. Excellent descriptions were furnished by him of some of the lavas, serpentines, and gabbros, and their true igneous character emphasized.