Examination of rocky coastal profiles in Australia and Europe suggests that two major and genetically distinct types of erosional surface should be recognized, one of these being the shore platform, whether sloping or horizontal, smooth or rough, which is best developed on promontories and terminates in a low-tide cliff, the other being the wave ramp, often exposed in bays, which slopes gradually down from about high water level to merge with the submarine slope near-shore. A modified terminology for erosional surfaces on rocky coasts is proposed.

Curved and other variably oriented minor F1 folds with a common axial–planar cleavage are described from the Dalradian of the South-West Scottish Highlands. An explanation for the varying orientations is offered in terms of progressive deformation following the arguments of Flinn (1962) and Ramsay (1967).

The lacinia in Paraglossograptus Mu is shown to consist of four ladder-like networks which are independent of each other and have no direct connection with spinose thecal apertural processes. The lacinial networks are positioned at the corners of the quadrangular rhabdosome as in Paraglossograptus ? sp. of Whittington & Rickards, which is described here as Paraglossograptus proteus (Harris & Thomas). Paraglossograptus etheridgei (Harris, 1924), the important Ordovician zone fossil, together with P. typicalis Mu and P. latus Hsü, are considered junior synonyms of Reteograptus tentaculatus J. Hall, 1865. P. tentaculatus (J. Hall, 1865), is regarded here as the type species of Paraglossograptus Mu. Detailed comparisons are made between P. tentaculatus and the stratigraphically younger P. proteus (Harris & Thomas), and with Glossograptus holmi Bulman, a species in some ways intermediate between Paraglossograptus and Glossograptus Emmons.

Many deep water marine muds, including lower Palaeozoic mudstones from Britain, have thin graded beds in which mud and silt laminae alternate, with the silt becoming finer and less abundant upwards. Of the known deep-sea depositional processes, turbidity currents are the most likely cause of such graded laminated beds. The lamination may be produced by alternating cohesive and granular bed conditions. Much more careful examination of laminated fine grained terrigenous sediment is needed.

Tuffs, trachybasalts, aegirine–augite trachytes and aegirine–augite phonolitic trachytes occur on the continental shelf at the southern tip of Africa. They have been radiometrically dated at 58(±2.4) million years (Palaeocene), and together with other alkali-rich basic intrusions onshore form the Alphard Tertiary Igneous Province. Both onshore and offshore sites of intrusion appear to be strongly tectonically controlled.

The stratigraphy of the early Pleistocene marine deposits erected from a borehole at Ludham, Norfolk, based on pollen and foraminifera, is extended to another borehole at Stradbroke, Suffolk. Pollen analyses from argillaceous parts of the sequence at Stradbroke show a Pre-Ludhamian pollen zone, overlain by the Ludhamian. Foraminiferal evidence indicates that the Pre-Ludhamian is equivalent to part of the Red Crag, thus providing the first direct evidence as to the relative ages of the Red Crag and the Ludhamian. Palaeomagnetic investigations indicate a normal polarity and, by comparison with the Netherlands sequence, an age of at least 1.60 m.y. for the deposition of the Pre-Ludhamian.

A revision of the species of the Upper Cretaceous membranimorph Bryozoa, established by R. M. Brydone between 1906 and 1941, has led to a considerable reduction in the number of species assigned to this group. These species are listed with the writer's opinion as to their more probable taxonomic position.

Various small-scale tectonic structures which deform the first, regional folds and cleavages are described. The strain sequence in the rocks near Aberystwyth is shown to resemble that established elsewhere in the paratectonic Caledonides.

A method of contouring pole distributions on Equal Area stereograms is presented; the advantage of this method is a combination of speed, convenience and maximum accuracy.

Hollow, often ellipsoidal, clusters of small manganiferous garnets are described. They occur as discrete entities in the normal garnet–quartz coticule fabric of the Garnetiferous Beds, an important group of metamorphosed manganese-rich sediments found within the aureole of the Leinster Granite. The clusters are thought to represent small original sedimentary concretions, subsequently completely reconstituted.

A problem is seen in the claim (made ten years ago) that, under certain conditions, either during uplift of the crust or statically at high levels, denudation alone might develop a peneplain. Observations are now brought forward which seem to indicate that uplift, when active, exceeds the rate of stream erosion, which in turn always exceeds the rate of denudation; and from this, doubt arises as to the postulated peneplain origins.