Metamorphism of the South Wales coals is considered to be due to depth of burial and not to a thrust. Dr. Trotter's data are used to calculate the metamorphic gradients at different places. The differences in these gradients, which are calculated in two different ways, are discussed. The South Wales gradients together with data from New Zealand are used to estimate 18,000 feet as being the total depth to which the 4 per cent anthracite was buried. Maximum depth of burial is considered due to cover unconformable to the coal measures except in the southern part of the coalfield.

Stromatolitic structures in the late Pre-Cambrian Yandanooka Series of Western Australia have been identified as calcareous algae of the genus Collenia. They are the first organic remains recognized in the Pre-Cambrian of this State. Distribution of the sediments containing these algae has been traced over 200 miles between Perth and Yandanooka. Erratic blocks of this material occur in the Permian tillites.

The principal tectonic terms employed are defined. A specimen of sheared quartzite from Corshellach is described. Shear-planes, drag-folds, and lineation are syngenetic. Their geometric relations show that the lineation is in b. Also described is a specimen of folded marble and graphite schist from Urlarmore. Elongated bodies of graphite schist represent tectonic thickening along the antiform hinges. Their maximum dimension, which is much greater than any other, is parallel to the lineation, but they have not suffered extension in this direction. The form of folds and rotated bodies shows that the lineation is again in b. The sense of the movement was towards the south-west. It is believed that throughout mid-Strathspey and Strathavon similar lineations bear the same relations to the kinematic directions.

The Clitheroe Limestone of Coplow, Salt Hill, and Bellman quarries is redescribed, particularly from the point of view of the origin and structure of the reef knolls and their relation to the surrounding deposits. Coplow knoll is considered to be the exposed part of a lenticular mass of upper C1 reef limestone which originally sloped steeply east. An earth movement within the C2 zone is marked by limestone breccias and a boulder bed, but there seems no evidence of pronounced erosion. A later uplift preceded the deposition of the Worston Shales. Slickensiding in the reef limestone is briefly discussed and possible effects of compaction of the sediments are considered. Three growth stages in reef formation are postulated.

An abnormal specimen of Dictyonema flabelliforme showing close-set bifurcation of the branches in a portion of the distal mesh is described and figured, and possible interpretations are considered.

Certain small discrepancies in Du Toit's (1937) reconstruction of Gondwanaland are discussed and suggestions made as to its mode of disruption.

Geomorphic evidence is described of very recent upwarping of the shore of Hawke Bay north of Napier, and, as this is of local extent, the suggestion is made that here and in adjoining coastal districts folding is, or recently has been, in progress, with this and another upheaved rib farther to the north-east as anticlinal axes. The coastally drowned areas of Poverty Bay and the north-east and south-west corners of Hawke Bay have escaped the upheaval, and it is suggested that they occupy negative, or synclinal, axes of a fold pattern.

Recorded data are insufficient to show to what extent, if at all, the axes of transverse upheaval recognized in the coastal districts extend westward across the main geanticline of the island. All or most of the axial ranges in this belt have recently been rising, however, for this is indicated by the presence of terraces in the valleys of outflowing rivers and by the fact that the vertical intervals between terraces increase upstream.

Large augen, composed principally of single crystals of potash felspar, are sporadically distributed in certain banded gneisses. It is inferred from structural and textural evidence that the augen have formed by metasomatic processes.

In France a National Geological Survey was planned in 1822 by the Corps Royal des Mines, a government institution, in association with its subsidiary, the Ecole des Mines. The first objective was a rapid Survey of the whole of France, with the intention of preparing a general Geological Map of the country, to be followed by a more detailed Survey, based on the Départements. Field work for the general map commenced in 1825, and was completed in 1835 and a Geological Map of the whole of France, on a scale of approximately 8 miles to the inch was published by the Ministry of Public Works in 1841. The project was carried out entirely under the direction of the Ministry, at public expense. As a National Survey it thus preceded that of Great Britain, established in 1835, by some ten years.