In offering a few remarks on a subject which belongs, in the first instance, to the province of physical geography, it will be necessary forme to point out certain hydrographical details, whilst, endeavouring to deduce from these details conclusions having a geological bearing. Oceanography is almost a science in itself, especially if we regard it from a geological point of view, as something more than a mere description of water-spaces and soundings. Ever since the days when the deep oceans were first explored for the purpose of laying the telegraph cables some of the leading facts were made known, and have since become familiar to all students of physical geography.

Mr. Sydney Ryan, of Darkton, Managing Director of the Ryan Tin Mines, situated on the Embabaan River in West Swaziland, has collected and sent to England a large collection of rock-specimens from the Ingwenya Berg, the dominating feature of the district. He has also provided plans and sections of the district, which are here partly reproduced. The specimens have been presented to the Mineralogical Department of the British Museum, together with a complete catalogue, having reference to the Sections referred to above, and indications of the lithological characters of the 140 specimens. Mr. G. Th. Prior, F.G.S., has kindly aided the writer in the critical examination of the rocks, and is communicating a description of those of economic value to the forthcoming number of the Mineralogical Magazine.

For many years the New Red Sandstone of the Vale of Clwyd was shown upon the maps as resting generally on Carboniferous Limestone, but frequently overlapping it so as to pass on to the surrounding Silurian strata. No faults were indicated, and the structure of the Vale, as represented, suggested that a pre-Triassic syncline here existed, within which a remnant of Carboniferous rocks had been preserved from denudation and which had formed a bay in the Triassic coastline.