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Understanding the offshore flood basalt sequence using onshore volcanic facies analogues: an example from the Faroe–Shetland basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2009

DOUGAL A. JERRAM ,
RICHARD T. SINGLE ,
RICHARD W. HOBBS  and
CATHERINE E. NELSON
DOUGAL A. JERRAM*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Durham, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
RICHARD T. SINGLE
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Durham, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
RICHARD W. HOBBS
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Durham, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
CATHERINE E. NELSON
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Durham, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
*
†Author for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Flood basalts in associated volcanic rifted margins, such as the North Atlantic Igneous Province, have a significant component of lavas which are preserved in the present day in an offshore setting. A close inspection of the internal facies architecture of flood basalts onshore provides a framework to interpret the offshore sequences imaged by remote techniques such as reflection seismology. A geological interpretation of the offshore lava sequences in the Faroe–Shetland Basin, using constraints from onshore analogues such as the Faroe Islands, allows for the identification of a series of lava sequences which have characteristic properties so that they can be grouped. These are tabular simple flows, compound-braided flows, and sub-aqueously deposited hyaloclastite facies. The succession of volcanic rocks calculated in this study has a maximum thickness in excess of 6800 m. Down to the top of the sub-volcanic sediments, the offshore volcanic succession has a thickness of about 2700 m where it can be clearly identified across much of the area, with a further 2700 m or more of volcanic rock estimated from the combined gravity and seismic modelling to the north and west of the region. A large palaeo-waterbody is identified on the basis of a hyaloclastite front/apron consisting of a series of clinoforms prograding towards the eastern part of the basin. This body was > 500 m deep, must have been present at the onset of volcanism into this region, and parts of the water body would have been present during the continued stages of volcanism as indicated by the distribution of the hyaloclastite apron.

Keywords

British TertiaryLIPhyaloclastitelava sequences
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 146 , Issue 3 , May 2009 , pp. 353 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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Footnotes

‡

Present address: Senior Geologist, Det norske oljeselskap ASA, P.O. Box 2070 Vika, NO-0125 Oslo, Norway

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