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Sedimentary facies analyses from nano- to millimetre scale exploring past microbial activity in a high-altitude lake (Lake Son Kul, Central Asia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 March 2015

MURIEL PACTON ,
PHILIPPE SORREL ,
BENOÎT BEVILLARD ,
AXELLE ZACAÏ ,
ARNAULD VINÇON-LAUGIER  and
HEDI OBERHÄNSLI
MURIEL PACTON*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement (UMR 5276 CNRS), Université Claude Bernard–Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
PHILIPPE SORREL*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement (UMR 5276 CNRS), Université Claude Bernard–Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
BENOÎT BEVILLARD
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement (UMR 5276 CNRS), Université Claude Bernard–Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
AXELLE ZACAÏ
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement (UMR 5276 CNRS), Université Claude Bernard–Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
ARNAULD VINÇON-LAUGIER
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement (UMR 5276 CNRS), Université Claude Bernard–Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
HEDI OBERHÄNSLI
Affiliation:
Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam, German Geoscience Research Centre (GFZ), Section 5.2, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany Museum für Naturkunde, Leibnitz-Institute Berlin (Mineralogy), Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
*
†Authors for correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
†Authors for correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
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Abstract

The fabric of sedimentary rocks in lacustrine archives usually contains long and continuous proxy records of biological, chemical and physical parameters that can be used to study past environmental and climatic variability. Here we propose an innovative approach to sedimentary facies analysis based on a coupled geomicrobiological and sedimentological study using high-resolution microscopic techniques in combination with mineralogical analyses. We test the applicability of this approach on Lake Son Kul, a high alpine lake in central Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan) by looking at the mineral fabric and microbial communities observed down to the nanoscale. The characterization of microbe–mineral interactions allows the origin of four carbonate minerals (e.g. aragonite, dolomite, Mg-calcite, calcite) to be determined as primary or diagenetic phases in Lake Son Kul. Aragonite was mainly of primary origin and is driven by biological activity in the epilimnion, whereas diagenetic minerals such as Mg-calcite, calcite, dolomite and pyrite were triggered by bacterial sulphate reduction and possibly by methanotrophic archaea. A new morphotype of aragonite (i.e. spherulite-like precursor) occurs in Unit IV (c. 7100–5000 cal. BP) associated with microbial mat structures. The latter enhanced the preservation of viral relics, which have not yet been reported in Holocene lacustrine sediments. This study advocates that microbe–mineral interactions screened down to the nanoscale (e.g. virus-like particles) can be used successfully for a comprehensive description of the fabric of laminated lake sediments. In this sense, they complement traditional facies sedimentology tools and offer valuable new insights into: (1) the study of microbial and viral biosignatures in Quaternary sediments; and (2) palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.

Keywords

Facies sedimentologygeomicrobiologyorganomineralizationvirus-like particlesextracellular polymeric substances (EPS)high-altitude lake
Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 152 , Issue 5 , September 2015 , pp. 902 - 922
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally to this work

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