Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T00:13:10.217Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A revision of the upper part of the Saq Formation and Hanadir Shale (lower Ordovician) of Saudi Arabia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

A. A. El-Khayal
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
M. Romano
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Sheffield, Beaumont Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.

Abstract

The previously termed Hanadir Shale of Saudi Arabia is described and re-defined as the Hanadir Formation. At the type locality of Al Hanadir the unit is probably entirely of Llanvirn age while further north shelly faunas of possible Llandeilo age occur in the upper part. Trace fossil assemblages with abundant cruzianids (C. furcifera, C. rugosa, C. goldfussi), Pelecypodichnus, Didymaulichnus and Diplichnites indicate an Arenig age for beds in the upper part of the underlying Saq Formation, while the top of this unit yielded hitherto unrecorded pendent and biserial scandent graptolites, a sparse shelly fauna of lingulacean brachiopods, Neseuretus sp. and the trace fossils Cruziana? imbricata and Phycodes.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baldwin, C. T. 1977. The stratigraphy and facies associations of trace fossils in some Cambrian and Ordovician rocks of northwestern Spain. In Trace Fossils 2 (ed. Crimes, T. P. & Harper, J. C.), pp. 910. Geological Journal Special Issue 9. Liverpool: Seel House Press.Google Scholar
Blaise, J. & Bouyx, E. 1980. Remarques sur le Paléozoique inférieur de quelques secteurs de l'afghanistan central et des domaines ibéro-armoricains: stratigraphie comparée et implications paléogéographiques. Bulletin de la Société géologique et minéralogique de Bretagne C 12, 6376.Google Scholar
Bramkamp, R. A., Ramirez, L. F., Brown, G. F. & Pocock, A. E. 1963. Geology of the Wadi Ar Rimah Quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. United States Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations, map 1–206AGoogle Scholar
Crimes, T. P. 1970 Trilobite tracks and other trace fossils from the Upper Cambrian of North Wales. Geological Journal 7, 4768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crimes, T. P. 1975 a. The stratigraphical significance of trace fossils. In The Study of Trace Fossils (ed. Frey, R. W.), pp. 109–30. Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crimes, T. P. 1975 b. Trilobite traces from the Lower Tremadoc of Tortworth. Geological Magazine 112, 3346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crimes, T. P. 1981. Lower Palaeozoic trace fossils of Africa. In Lower Palaeozoic Rocks of the World, Vol. 3: Lower Palaeozoic of the Middle East, Eastern and Southern Africa, and Antarctica (ed. Holland, C. H.), pp. 189–98. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Dean, W. T. 1980. The Ordovician System in the Near and Middle East. International Union of Geological Sciences, Publication 2, 122.Google Scholar
Dean, W. T. 1983. Additional faunal data for the Bedinan Formation (Ordovician) in southeastern Turkey. Special Papers in Palaeontology 30, 89105.Google Scholar
Dean, W. T. & Manod, O. 1985. A new interpretation of Ordovician stratigraphy in the Bahçe area, northern Amanos Mountains, south central Turkey. Geological Magazine 122, 1525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, W. T., Manod, O. & Perincek, D. 1981. Correlation of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in southeastern Turkey. Petroleum Activities at the 100th Year (100 Yilda Petrol Faaliyeti). Türkiye Cumhuriyet Petrol Isleri Genel Müdürlüìü Dergisi 25, 269291 (in English), 292–300 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Delgado, J. F. N. 1886. Étude sur les Bilobites et autres fossiles des quartzites de la base du système Silurique du Portugal. Lisbon: Imprimerie de l' Académie Royale des Sciences, 113 pp.Google Scholar
Destombes, J., Hollard, H. & Willefert, S. 1985. Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Morocco. In Lower Palaeozoic Rocks of the World. Vol. 4. Lower Palaeozoic of North Western and West-Central Africa (ed. Holland, C. H.), pp. 91336. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
El-Khayal, A. A. & Romano, M. 1985. Lower Ordovician trilobites from the Hanadir Shale of Saudi Arabia. Palaeontology 28, 401412.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. 1976. Correlation of shelly and graptolitic early Ordovician successions, based on the sequence in Spitsbergen. In The Ordovician System: Proceedings of a Palaeontological Association Symposium, Birmingham, September 1974 (ed. Bassett, M. G.), pp. 263–80. Cardiff: University of Wales Press and National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. 1984. Global earlier Ordovician transgressions and regressions and their biological implications. In Aspects of the Ordovician System (ed. Bruton, D. L.), pp. 3750. Palaeontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 295, Universitets-Forlaget.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. & Morris, S. F. 1982. The Ordovician trilobite Neseuretus from Saudi Arabia, and the palaeogeography of the Neseuretus fauna related to Gondwanaland in the earlier Ordovician. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 36, 6375.Google Scholar
Hammann, W., Robardet, M. & Romano, M. 1982. The Ordovician System in southwestern Europe (France, Spain and Portugal); Correlation chart and explanatory notes. International Union of Geological Sciences 11, 47 pp.Google Scholar
Häntzschel, W. 1975. Trace fossils and Problematica. In Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part W, Miscellanea, Supplement I (ed. Teichert, C.), xxi + 269 pp. Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Helal, A. H. 1964. On the occurrence of Lower Paleozoic rocks in Tabuk area, Saudi Arabia. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 7, 391414.Google Scholar
Helal, A. H. 1968. Stratigraphy of outcropping Paleozoic rocks around the northern edge of the Arabian Shield (within Saudi Arabia). Zeitschrift der Deutschengeologischen Gesellschaft 117, 506543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, C. J. 1983. Ordovician graptolites from the Great Paxton Borehole, Cambridgeshire. Palaeontology 26, 641653.Google Scholar
Legrand, P. 1985 a. Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Tunisia. In Lower Palaeozoic Rocks of the World. Vol. 4. Lower Palaeozoic of North-Western and West-Central Africa (ed. Holland, C. H.), pp. 13. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Legrand, P. 1985 b. Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Algeria. In Lower Palaeozoic Rocks of the World. Vol. 4. Lower Palaeozoic of North-Western and West-Central Africa (ed. Holland, C. H.), pp. 589. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
McClure, H. A. 1978. Early Paleozoic glaciation in Arabia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 25, 315–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osgood, R. G. 1970. Trace fossils of the Cincinnatti area. Palaeontographica Americana 6, 281444.Google Scholar
Pickerill, R. K. & Fillion, D. 1983. On the Tremadoc–Arenig and Lower–Upper Tremadoc boundaries in the Bell Island Group, Conception Bay, eastern Newfoundland. Marine sediments and Atlantic geology 19, 2130.Google Scholar
Pickerill, R. K., Romano, M. & Meléndez, B. 1984. Arenig trace fossils from the Salamanca area, western Spain. Geological Journal 19, 249–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powers, R. W. 1968. Arabie Saoudite. In Lexique stratigraphie international, III Asie, 1061, 177 pp.Google Scholar
Powers, R. W., Ramirez, L. F., Redmond, C. D. & Elberg, E. L. 1966. Geology of the Arabian Peninsula (sedimentary geology of Saudi Arabia). Geological Survey Professional Paper 560 -D, 126 pp.Google Scholar
Seilacher, A. 1970. Cruziana stratigraphy of ‘nonfossiliferous’ Palaeozoic sandstones. In Trace Fossils (ed. Crimes, T. P. & Harper, J. C.), pp. 447–76. Geological Journal Special Issue 3, Seel House Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Selley, R. C. 1970. Ichnology of Palaeozoic sandstones in the Southern Desert of Jordan: a study of trace fossils in their sedimentologic context. In Trace Fossils (ed. Crimes, T. P. & Harper, J. C.), pp. 477–88. Geological Journal Special Issue 3, Seel House Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Selley, R. C. 1985. Ancient Sedimentary Environments and their Sub-surface Diagnosis, 3rd ed. London: Chapman and Hall, 317 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheng, Shen-Fu 1980. The Ordovician System in China. International Union of Geological Sciences, Publication 1, 17.Google Scholar
Steineke, M., Bramkamp, R. A. & Sander, N. J. 1958. Stratigraphic relations of Arabian Jurassic oil. In American Association of Petroleum Geologists Symposium: Habitat of Oil. Pp. 12941329.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. T. 1977. Classification and phylogeny of homalonotid trilobites. Palaeontology 20, 159–78.Google Scholar
Thralls, H. W. & Hasson, R. C. 1956. Geology and oil resources of eastern Saudi Arabia. 20th International Geological Congress, Mexico, Symposium Sobre Yacimentos de Petroleo y Gas 2, 932.Google Scholar
Vaslet, D., Brosse, J. M. & le Nindre, Y. M. 1982. Geology of the Phanerozoic of the Ad Dawadimi Quadrangle, Sheet 24G. Open-file report BRGM-OF-01–29, Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, Jiddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 63 pp.Google Scholar
Webby, B. D. 1976. The Ordovician System in southeastern Australia. In The Ordovician System: Proceedings of a Palaeontological Association Symposium, Birmingham, September 1974 (ed. Bassett, M. G.), pp. 417–46. Cardiff: University of Wales Press and National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Williams, A., Strachan, I., Bassett, D. A., Dean, W. T., Ingham, J. K., Wright, A. D. & Whittington, H. B. 1972. A correlation of Ordovician rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society of London, Special Report 3.Google Scholar
Wolfart, R. 1981. Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Middle East. In Lower Palaeozoic Rocks of the World. Vol. 3. Lower Palaeozoic of the Middle East, Eastern and Southern Africa, and Antarctica (ed. Holland, C. H.), pp. 5130. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar