Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:45:09.905Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Provenance and tectonic setting of the Triassic clastic deposits in the Napo basin, South China: evidence from petrography, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2021

Lei Xia Open the ORCID record for Lei Xia [Opens in a new window] ,
Quan-Ren Yan Open the ORCID record for Quan-Ren Yan [Opens in a new window] ,
Zhong-Jin Xiang Open the ORCID record for Zhong-Jin Xiang [Opens in a new window] ,
Hong-Bo Zheng ,
Quan-Lin Hou ,
Wei Wei  and
Wen-Jing Xia
Lei Xia*
Affiliation:
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming650500, China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
Quan-Ren Yan
Affiliation:
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
Zhong-Jin Xiang
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing100037, China Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing100037, China
Hong-Bo Zheng
Affiliation:
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming650500, China
Quan-Lin Hou
Affiliation:
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
Wei Wei
Affiliation:
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
Wen-Jing Xia
Affiliation:
Department of Student Affairs, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
*
Author for correspondence: Lei Xia, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The provenance and tectonic setting of the Lower–Middle Triassic clastic sediments from the Napo basin, South China, have been examined here using detrital modes, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital zircon U–Pb ages. Field investigations indicate that these sediments consist of fan delta, slope and turbidity fan facies with dominantly southward palaeocurrent directions. Detrital modes and geochemical characteristics of the clastic rocks indicate that they were derived from mixed magmatic arc and Palaeozoic successions in a continental island arc setting, with no significant sediment recycling. The U–Pb age spectra of sandstone detrital zircons from different stratigraphic positions are similar, with one major group (300–230 Ma), two subordinate groups (400–320 Ma and 480–420 Ma, respectively) and two scattered groups (1200–800 Ma and 2000–1700 Ma, respectively). Thus, we consider that the north late Permian – Middle Triassic volcanic rocks and the uplifted Palaeozoic sedimentary/volcanic sequences constituted the predominant sources. The detritus derived from the late Permian Emeishan mafic rocks is subordinate and limited. The pre-Devonian zircons are likely sedimentary-recycled or magmatic-captured instead of directly derived from the early Palaeozoic orogen (e.g. Yunkai massif) and Neoproterozoic Jiangnan orogen because of the topographic barrier of a magmatic arc and carbonate platform. Considering the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the volcanic arc and ophiolite, we suggest that the Triassic Napo basin was a fore-arc basin within a continental island arc setting, which developed in response to the northward subduction of the Babu–Cao Bang branch ocean beneath the South China Block.

Keywords

sedimentary faciesdetrital zircon U–Pb datingprovenancePalaeo-TethysSouth China Block
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 12 , December 2021 , pp. 2095 - 2114
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beaudry, D and Moore, GF (1985) Seismic stratigraphy and Cenozoic evolution of West Sumatra forearc basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 69, 742–59.Google Scholar
BGMRGX (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region) (1976) Geological Map of the Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, scale 1:200 000, Sheet F-43-X (Delong).Google Scholar
BGMRGX (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region) (1985) Regional Geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, pp. 44–241 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
BGMRYN (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Yunnan Province) (1978) Geological Map of the Yunnan Province, scale 1: 200 000, Sheet F-48-IV (Funing).Google Scholar
Bhatia, MR and Crook, KAW (1986) Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 92, 181–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bock, B, McLennan, SM and Hanson, GN (1998) Geochemistry and provenance of the Middle Ordovician Austin Glen Member (Normanskill Formation) and the Taconian Orogeny in New England. Sedimentology 45, 635–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouma, AH, Kuenen, PH and Shepard, FP (1962) Sedimentology of Some Flysch Deposits: A Graphic Approach to Facies Interpretation. New York, Elsevier Publishing Company, 168 pp.Google Scholar
Cai, JX and Zhang, KJ (2009) A new model for the Indochina and South China collision during the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic. Tectonophysics 467, 35–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, A and Clift, PD (2008) Was the Indosinian orogeny a Triassic mountain building or a thermo-tectonic reactivation event? Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340, 83–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, A, Roques, D, Bristow, C and Kinny, P (2001) Understanding Mesozoic accretion in Southeast Asia: significance of Triassic thermotectonism (Indosinian orogeny) in Vietnam. Geology 29, 211–14.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charvet, J, Shu, LS, Faure, M, Choulet, F, Wang, B, Lu, HF and Breton, NL (2010) Structural development of the Lower Paleozoic belt of South China: genesis of an intracontinental orogeny. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 39, 309–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, ZC, Lin, W, Faure, M, Lepvrier, C, Chu, Y and Wang, QC (2013) Geochronology constrain of Early Mesozoic tectonic event at Northeast Vietnam. Acta Petrologica Sinica 29, 1825–40 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Chen, ZC, Lin, W, Faure, M, Lepvrier, C, Van Vuong, N and Van Tich, V (2014) Geochronology and isotope analysis of the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic granitoids from northeastern Vietnam and implications for the evolution of the South China block. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 86, 131–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, DZ, Qing, HR, Yan, X and Li, H (2006) Hydrothermal venting and basin evolution (Devonian, South China): constraints from rare earth element geochemistry of chert. Sedimentary Geology 183, 203–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, Y, Faure, M, Lin, W and Wang, QC (2012) Early Mesozoic tectonics of the South China block: insights from the Xuefengshan intracontinental orogen. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 61, 199–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, WR (1970) Relations of andesites, granites, and derivative sandstones to arc–trench tectonics. Reviews of Geophysics 8, 813–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, WR (1985) Interpreting provenance relations from detrital modes of sandstones. In Provenance of Arenites (ed. Zuffa, GG), pp. 333–61. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, WR (1995) Forearc basins. In Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins (eds Busby, CJ and Ingersoll, RV), p. 239. Cambridge: Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
Dickinson, WR and Gehrels, GE (2003) U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from Permian and Jurassic eolian sandstones of the Colorado Plateau, USA: paleogeographic implications. Sedimentary Geology 163, 29–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, WR, Lawton, TF and Gehrels, GE (2009) Recycling detrital zircons: a case study from the Cretaceous Bisbee Group of southern Arizona. Geology 37, 503–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, WR and Suczek, CA (1979) Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 63, 2164–82.Google Scholar
Dong, YP and Zhu, BQ (2000) Characteristics of the island-arc pillow lavas from southeast Yunnan Province, and its tectonic implications for Paleo-Tethys in South China. Chinese Science Bulletin 45, 753–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DRCCGS (Development Research Center of China Geological Survey) (2012) Digital Geological Map Spatial Database, scale 1: 500 000, Sheet 2, South China.Google Scholar
Du, YS, Huang, HW, Huang, ZQ, Xu, YJ, Yang, JH and Huang, H (2009) Basin translation from Late Paleozoic to Triassic of Youjiang Basin and its tectonic significance. Geological Science and Technology Information 28, 10–15 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Du, YS, Huang, H, Yang, JH, Huang, HW, Tao, P, Huang, ZQ, Hu, LS and Xie, CX (2013) The basin translation from Late Paleozoic to Triassic of the Youjiang basin and its tectonic signification. Geological Review 59, 1–11 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Duan, L, Meng, QR, Nicholas, CB and Li, WG (2017) New insights on the Triassic tectonic development of South China from the detrital zircon provenance of Nanpanjiang turbidites. Geological Society of America Bulletin 130, 24–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duan, L, Meng, QR, Wu, GL, Yang, Z, Wang, JQ and Zhan, RR (2020) Nanpanjiang basin: a window on the tectonic development of south China during Triassic assembly of the southeastern and eastern Asia. Gondwana Research 78, 189–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enos, P, Lehrmann, DJ, Wei, J, Yu, Y, Xiao, J, Chaikin, DH, Minzoni, M, Berry, AK and Montgomery, P (2006) Triassic Evolution of the Yangtze Platform in Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China. Geological Society of America, Special Paper no. 417, 105 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enos, P, Wei, J and Lehrmann, DJ (1998) Death in Guizhou—Late Triassic drowning of the Yangtze carbonate platform. Sedimentary Geology 118, 55–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enos, P, Wei, J and Yan, Y (1997) Facies distribution and retreat of Middle Triassic platform margin, Guizhou Province, south China. Sedimentology 44, 563–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, WM, Zhang, CH, Wang, YJ, Guo, F and Peng, TP (2008) Geochronology and geochemistry of Permian basalts in western Guangxi Province, Southwest China: evidence for plume–lithosphere interaction. Lithos 102, 218–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, M, Lepvrier, C, Nguyen, VV, Vu, TV, Lin, W and Chen, ZC (2014) The South China block–Indochina collision: where, when, and how? Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 79, 260–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, M, Lin, W, Chu, Y and Lepvrier, C (2016a) Triassic tectonics of the southern margin of the South China Block. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 348, 5–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, M, Lin, W, Chu, Y and Lepvrier, C (2016b) Triassic tectonics of the Ailaoshan Belt (SW China): Early Triassic collision between the South China and Indochina Blocks, and Middle Triassic intracontinental shearing. Tectonophysics 683, 27–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, M, Shu, LS, Wang, B, Charvet, J and Choulet, F (2009) Intracontinental subduction: a possible mechanism for the Early Palaeozoic Orogen of SE China. Terra Nova 21, 360–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, QL and Liu, BP (2002) Early Permian radiolarians from Babu ophiolite mélange in Southeastern Yunnan. Earth Science – Journal of China University of Geoscience 27, 1–3 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Findlay, RH (1997) The Song Ma Anticlinorium, northern Vietnam: the structure of an allochthonous terrane containing an early Palaeozoic island arc sequence. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 15, 453–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garzanti, E, Vezzoli, G, Andò, S, Paparella, P and Clift, PD (2005) Petrology of Indus River sands: a key to interpret erosion history of the Western Himalayan Syntaxis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 229, 287–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garzanti, E, Wang, JG, Vezzoli, G and Limonta, M (2016) Tracing provenance and sediment fluxes in the Irrawaddy River basin (Myanmar). Chemical Geology 440, 73–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, SA, Ingersoll, RV and Dickinson, WR (1976) Common provenance for lithic grains in Carboniferous sandstones from Ouachita Mountains and Black Warrior Basin. Journal of Sedimentary Research 46, 620–32.Google Scholar
Gu, XX, Liu, JM, Zheng, MH, Tang, JX and Qi, L (2002) Provenance and tectonic setting of the Proterozoic turbidites in Hunan, South China: geochemical evidence. Journal of Sedimentary Research 72, 393–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, F, Fan, WM, Wang, YJ and Li, CW (2004) Upper Paleozoic basalts in the Southern Yangtze Block: geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic evidence for asthenosphere–lithosphere interaction and opening of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean. International Geology Review 46, 332–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halpin, JA, Tran, HT, Lai, CK, Meffre, S, Crawford, AJ and Zaw, K (2016) U–Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry from NE Vietnam: a ‘tectonically disputed’ territory between the Indochina and South China blocks. Gondwana Research 34, 254–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoa, TT, Izokh, AE, Polyakov, GV, Borisenko, AS, Anh, TT, Balykin, PA, Phuong, NT, Rudnev, SN, Van, VV and Nien, BA (2008) Permo-Triassic magmatism and metallogeny of Northern Vietnam in relation to the Emeishan plume. Russian Geology and Geophysics 49, 480–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoa, TT, Polyakov, GV, Anh, TT, Borisenko, AS, Izokh, AE, Balykin, PA, Phuong, NT and Dung, PT (2016) Intraplate magmatism and metallogeny of North Vietnam. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences 11, 103–52.Google Scholar
Hou, KJ, Li, YH and Tian, YR (2009) In situ U–Pb zircon dating using laser ablation–multi ion counting–ICP–MS. Mineral Deposits 28, 481–92 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Hu, LS, Du, YS, Yang, JH, Huang, H, Huang, HW and Huang, ZQ (2012) Geochemistry and tectonic significance of Middle Triassic volcanic rocks in Nalong, Guangxi area. Geological Review 58, 481–94 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Huang, H, Du, YS, Yang, JH, Zhou, L, Hu, LS, Huang, HW and Huang, ZQ (2014) Origin of Permian basalts and clastic rocks in Napo, Southwest China: implications for the erosion and eruption of the Emeishan large igneous province. Lithos 208, 324–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, ZQ, Huang, H, Du, YS, Yang, JH, Huang, HW, Hu, LS and Xie, CX (2013) Depositional chemistry of cherts of the Late Paleozoic in Napo Rift basin Guangxi and its implication for the tectonic evolution. Earth Science – Journal of China University of Geosciences 38, 253–65 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Hutchison, CS (1989) The Palaeo-Tethyan realm and Indosinian orogenic system of Southeast Asia. In Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region (ed. Şengör, AMC), pp. 585–643. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingersoll, RV (1990) Actualistic sandstone petrofacies: discriminating modern and ancient source rocks. Geology 18, 733–6.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingersoll, RV, Bullard, TF, Ford, RL, Grimm, JP, Pickle, JD and Sares, SW (1984) The effect of grain size on detrital modes: a test of the Gazzi–Dickinson point-counting method. Journal of Sedimentary Research 54, 103–16.Google Scholar
Ingersoll, RV and Suczek, CA (1979) Petrology and provenance of Neogene sand from Nicobar and Bengal fans, DSDP sites 211 and 218. Journal of Sedimentary Research 49, 1217–28.Google Scholar
Lai, CK, Meffre, S, Crawford, AJ, Zaw, K, Xue, CD and Halpin, JA (2014) The western Ailaoshan volcanic belts and their SE Asia connection: a new tectonic model for the eastern Indochina block. Gondwana Research 26, 52–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehrmann, DJ, Chaikin, DH, Enos, P, Minzoni, M, Payne, JL, Yu, MY, Goers, A, Wood, T, Richter, P, Kelley, BM, Li, XW, Qin, YJ, Liu, LY and Lu, G (2015) Patterns of basin fill in Triassic turbidites of the Nanpanjiang basin: implications for regional tectonics and impacts on carbonate platform evolution. Basin Research 27, 587–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehrmann, DJ, Pei, DH, Enos, P, Minzoni, M, Ellwood, BB, Orchard, MJ, Zhang, JY, Wei, JY, Dillett, P, Koenig, J, Steffen, K, Druke, D, Druke, J, Kessel, B and Newkirk, T (2007) Impact of differential tectonic subsidence on isolated carbonate platform evolution: Triassic of the Nanpanjiang Basin, south China. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 91, 287–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lepvrier, C, Faure, M, Van, VN, Vu, TV, Lin, W, Trong, TT and Hoa, PT (2011) Northdirected Triassic nappes in Northeastern Vietnam (East Bac Bo). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 41, 56–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lepvrier, C, Maluski, H, Vu, VT, Leyreoup, A, Phan, TT and Nguyen, VV (2004) The Early Triassic Indosinian orogeny in Vietnam (Truong Son Belt and Kontum Massif): implications for the geodynamic evolution of Indochina. Tectonophysics 393, 87–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lepvrier, C, Van, VN, Maluski, H, Thi, PT and Van, VT (2008) Indosinian tectonics in Vietnam. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340, 94–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, ZX, Li, XH, Wartho, JA, Clark, C, Li, WX, Zhang, CL and Bao, CM (2010) Magmatic and metamorphic events during the early Paleozoic Wuyi–Yunkai orogeny, southeastern South China: new age constraints and pressure–temperature conditions. Geological Society of America Bulletin 122, 772–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, P, Rui, G, Junwen, C and Ye, G (2004) Paleomagnetic analysis of eastern Tibet: implications for the collisional and amalgamation history of the Three Rivers Region, SW China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 291–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, YS, Gao, S, Hu, ZC, Gao, CG, Zong, KQ and Wang, DB (2010) Continental and oceanic crust recycling-induced melt–peridotite interactions in the Trans-North China Orogen: U–Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements in zircons from mantle xenoliths. Journal of Petrology 51, 537–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, YQ, Ji, Q, Kuang, HW, Jiang, XJ, Xu, H and Peng, N (2012) U–Pb zircon age, sedimentary facies, and sequence stratigraphy of the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary, Daposhang Section, Guizhou, China. Palaeoworld 21, 100–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, B, Li, XJ, Guan, Q, Chen, K, Chen, GY, Li, WK, Hu, SB, Zhang, H and Yu, SY (2018) The age of basic intrusive and extrusive rocks in Funing area, southeast Yunnan Province. Geological Bulletin of China 37, 2021–31 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Liu, HC, Peng, TP and Guo, XF (2018) Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the coexistent N-MORB- and SSZ-type ophiolites in Babu area (SW China) and tectonic implications. Journal of the Geological Society, London 175, 667–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, JL, Tran, MD, Tang, Y, Nguyen, QL, Tran, TH, Wu, WB, Chen, JF, Zhang, ZC and Zhao, ZD (2012) Permo-Triassic granitoids in the northern part of the Truong Son belt, NW Vietnam: geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic implications. Gondwana Research 22, 628–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ludwig, K (2012) User’s Manual for Isoplot Version 3.75–4.15: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkley Geochronological Center, Special Publication no. 5.Google Scholar
Marsaglia, KM and Ingersoll, RV (1992) Compositional trends in arc-related, deep-marine sand and sandstone: a reassessment of magmatic-arc provenance. Geological Society of America Bulletin 104, 1637–49.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLennan, SM, Hemming, S, McDaniel, DK and Hanson, GN (1993) Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics. In Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments (eds Johnsson, MJ and Basu, A), pp. 21–40. Geological Society of America Special Paper no. 284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meinhold, G, Kostopoulos, D and Reischmann, T (2007) Geochemical constraints on the provenance and depositional setting of sedimentary rocks from the islands of Chios, Inousses and Psara, Aegean Sea, Greece: implications for the evolution of Palaeotethys. Journal of the Geological Society, London 164, 1145–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalfe, I (1996) Gondwanaland dispersion, Asian accretion and evolution of eastern Tethys. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, 605–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalfe, I (1999) Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion: an overview. In Gondwana Dispersion and Asian Accretion, Final Results Volume for IGCP Project 321 (ed. Metcalfe, I), pp. 9–28. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.Google Scholar
Metcalfe, I (2013) Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion: tectonic and palaeogeographic evolution of eastern Tethys. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 66, 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakano, N, Osanai, Y, Owada, M, Hayasaka, Y and Nam, TN (2009) Permo-Triassic Barrovian-type metamorphism in the ultrahigh-temperature Kontum Massif, central Vietnam: constraints on continental collision tectonics in Southeast Asia. Island Arc 18, 126–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakano, N, Osanai, Y, Sajeev, K, Miyamoto, T, Minh, NT, Owada, M and Windley, B (2010) Triassic eclogite from northern Vietnam: inferences and geological significance. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 28, 59–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesbitt, HW, Fedo, CM and Young, GM (1997) Quartz and feldspar stability, steady and non-steady state weathering and petrogenesis of siliciclastic sands and muds. Journal of Geology 105, 173–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesbitt, HW and Young, GM (1982) Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature 299, 715–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesbitt, HW and Young, GM (1984) Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48, 1523–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pi, QH, Hu, RZ, Peng, KQ, Wu, JB, Wei, CW and Huang, Y (2016) Geochronology of the Zhesang gold deposit and mafic rock in Funing County of Yunnan Province, with special reference to the dynamic background of Carlin-type gold deposits in the Dian–Qian–Gui region. Acta Petrologica Sinica 32, 2330–46 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Qin, XF, Wang, ZQ, Zhang, YL, Pan, LZ, Hu, GA and Zhou, FS (2011) Geochronology and geochemistry of Early Mesozoic acid volcanic rocks from Southwest Guangxi: constraints on tectonic evolution of the southwestern segment of Qinzhou–Hangzhou joint belt. Acta Petrologica Sinica 27, 794–808 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Qin, XF, Wang, ZQ, Zhang, YL, Pan, LZ, Hu, GA and Zhou, FS (2012) Geochemistry of Permian mafic igneous rocks from the Napo–Qinzhou Tectonic Belt in Southwest Guangxi, Southwest China: implications for arc–back arc basin magmatic evolution. Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition) 86, 1182–99.Google Scholar
Qiu, L, Yan, DP, Tang, SL, Wang, Q, Yang, WX, Tang, XL and Wang, JB (2016) Mesozoic geology of southwestern China: Indosinian foreland overthrusting and subsequent deformation. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 122, 91–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qiu, L, Yan, DP, Yang, WX, Wang, JB, Tang, XL and Shahnawaz, A (2017) Early to Middle Triassic sedimentary records in the Youjiang Basin, South China: implications for Indosinian orogenesis. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 141, 125–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qiu, L, Yang, WX, Yan, DP, Wells, ML, Qiu, JT, Gao, T, Dong, JM, Zhang, LL and Wang, FY (2019) Geochronology of early Mesozoic diabase units in southwestern China: metallogenic and tectonic implications. Geological Magazine 156, 1141–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roger, F, Leloup, PH, Jolivet, M, Lacassin, R, Trinh, PT, Brunel, M and Seward, D (2000) Long and complex thermal history of the Song Chay metamorphic dome (Northern Vietnam) by multi-system geochronology. Tectonophysics 321, 449–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roger, F, Maluski, H, Lepvrier, C, Van, TV and Paquette, JL (2012) LA–ICPMS zircons U/Pb dating of Permo-Triassic and Cretaceous magmatisms in Northern Vietnam – geodynamical implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 48, 72–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudnick, RL and Gao, S (2003) Composition of the continental crust. Treatise on Geochemistry 3, 1–64.Google Scholar
Shellnutt, JG, Pham, TT, Denyszyn, SW, Yeh, MW and Tran, TA (2020) Magmatic duration of the Emeishan large igneous province: insight from northern Vietnam. Geology 48, 457–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sone, M and Metcalfe, I (2008) Parallel Tethyan sutures in mainland Southeast Asia: new insights for Paleo-Tethys closure and implications for the Indosinian orogeny. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340, 166–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, SS and McDonough, WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In Magmatism in the Ocean Basins (eds Saunders, AD and Norry, MJ), pp. 313–45. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, SR and McLennan, SM (1985) The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Oxford: Blackwell, 312 pp.Google Scholar
Thanh, NX, Hai, TT, Hoang, N, Lan, VQ, Kwon, S, Itaya, T and Santosh, M (2014) Backarc mafic–ultramafic magmatism in Northeastern Vietnam and its regional tectonic significance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 90, 45–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tran, HT, Dang, BV, Do, TD, Nguyen, TBT, Fuken, C and Tran, TV (2007) The occurrence of pillow basalts in Cao Bang–Lang Son area and their implication to the tectonic setting of East Bac Bo region. Journal of Geology, Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam 299, 10–24 (in Vietnamese).Google Scholar
Tran, VT and Khuc, V (2011) Geology and Earth Resources of Vietnam. Hanoi: Publishing House for Science and Technology, 655 pp.Google Scholar
Tran, HT, Thanh, NX, Halpin, JA and Zaw, K (2011) The occurrence of ophiolite–style assemblages along Sino–Vietnam border, northeastern Vietnam and its implication to the tectonic evolution of northeastern Indochina. In Proceedings Volume, International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (GEOINDO 2011), 1–3 December 2011, Khon Kaen, Thailand, pp. 479–88.Google Scholar
Wang, YJ, Fan, WM, Zhang, GW and Zhang, YH (2013) Phanerozoic tectonics of the South China Block: key observations and controversies. Gondwana Research 23, 1273–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, YJ, Fan, WM, Zhao, GC, Ji, SC and Peng, TP (2007) Zircon U–Pb geochronology of gneissic rocks in the Yunkai massif and its implications on the Caledonian event in the South China Block. Gondwana Research 12, 404–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, YN, Li, GJ, Wang, QF, Santosh, M and Chen, JH (2020) Early Paleozoic granitoids from South China: implications for understanding the Wuyi–Yunkai orogen. International Geology Review 62, 243–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, LJ, Yu, JH, Griffin, WL and O’Reilly, SY (2012) Early crustal evolution in the western Yangtze Block: evidence from U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes on detrital zircons from sedimentary rocks. Precambrian Research 222–223, 368–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, YJ, Zhang, AM, Fan, WM, Zhao, GC, Zhang, GW, Zhang, YZ, Zhang, FF and Li, SZ (2011) Kwangsian crustal anatexis within the eastern South China Block: geochemical, zircon U–Pb geochronological and Hf isotopic fingerprints from the gneissoid granites of Wugong and Wuyi–Yunkai Domains. Lithos 127, 239–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, YJ, Zhang, FF, Fan, WM, Zhang, GW, Chen, SY, Cawood, PA and Zhang, AM (2010) Tectonic setting of the South China Block in the early Paleozoic: resolving intracontinental and ocean closure models from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology. Tectonics 29, TC6020. doi: 10.1029/2010TC002750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, XL, Zhou, JC, Griffin, WL, Wang, RC, Qiu, JS, O’Reilly, SY, Xu, X, Liu, XM and Zhang, GL (2007) Detrital zircon geochronology of Precambrian basement sequences in the Jiangnan orogen: dating the assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks. Precambrian Research 159, 117–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiedenbeck, M, Allé, P, Corfu, F, Griffin, WL, Meier, M, Oberli, F, von Quadt, A, Roddick, JC and Spiegel, W (1995) Three natural zircon standards for U–Th–Pb, Lu–Hf, trace element and REE analyses. Geostandards Newsletter 19, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, GY, Ji, JQ, He, SD and Zhong, DL (2002) Early Permian magmatic arc in Pingxiang, Guangxi and its tectonic implications. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 22, 61–5 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Wu, GY, Ma, L, Zhong, DL, Wu, HR, Ji, JQ, Kuang, GD and Xu, KD (2001) Indosinian Turkic-type orogen bordering Yunnan and Guangxi: with reference to coupled basin evolution. Petroleum Geology and Experiment 23, 8–18 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Wu, GY, Wu, HR, Zhong, DL, Kuang, GD and Ji, JQ (2000) Volcanic rocks of Paleotethyan oceanic island and island-arc bordering Yunnan and Guangxi, China. Geoscience, Journal of Graduate School, China University of Geoscience 14, 393–400 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Wu, GY, Zhong, DL, Zhang, Q and Ji, JQ (1999) Babu–Phu Ngu ophiolites: a geological record of Paleotethyan ocean bordering China and Vietnam. Gondwana Research 2, 554–7.Google Scholar
Xia, WJ, Yan, QR, Xiang, ZJ, Xia, L, Jiang, W, Wei, W, Li, XJ and Zhou, B (2018) Sedimentary characteristics of the Early–Middle Triassic on the south flank of the Xilin faulted block in the Nanpanjiang basin and its tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica 34, 2119–39 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Xia, L, Yan, QR, Xiang, ZJ, Xia, WJ, Shi, SJ, Jiang, W, Li, XJ and Wei, W (2018) Olistotromes in the northern margin of the Napo forearc basin (Guangxi, South China): a special indicator for discriminating forearc domain. Acta Petrologica Sinica 34, 685–700 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Xiang, ZJ (2018) Petrogenesis of Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the Southwest Guangxi Province: implication for its tectonic evolution. Ph.D. thesis, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published thesis (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Xiang, ZJ, Yan, QR, Xia, L and Xia, WJ (2021) The tectonic setting of the Early–Middle Triassic volcanic–sedimentary succession in Funing–Napo area, the south margin of Nanpanjiang Basin, South China. Geological Bulletin of China 40, 138–51 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Xiang, ZJ, Yan, QR, Xia, L, Xia, WJ and Li, C (2020) Re–Os geochronology of the Babu copper deposit in southeast Yunnan Province and its geological implications. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 39, 583–95 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Yan, Z, Wang, ZQ, Wang, T, Yan, QR, Xiao, WJ and Li, JL (2006) Provenance and tectonic setting of clastic deposits in the Devonian Xicheng Basin, Qinling orogen, Central China. Journal of Sedimentary Research 76, 557–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, Z, Wang, ZQ, Yan, QR, Wang, T and Guo, XQ (2012) Geochemical constraints on the provenance and depositional setting of the Devonian Liuling Group, East Qinling Mountains, Central China: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt. Journal of Sedimentary Research 82, 9–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, DP, Zhou, MF, Song, HL, Wang, XW and Malpas, J (2003) Origin and tectonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block (South China). Tectonophysics 361, 239–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, DP, Zhou, MF, Wang, CY and Xia, B (2006) Structural and geochronological constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Dulong–Song Chay tectonic dome in Yunnan province, SW China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28, 332–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, JH, Cawood, PA, Du, YS, Huang, H and Hu, LS (2012) Detrital record of Indosinian mountain building in SW China: provenance of the Middle Triassic turbidites in the Youjiang Basin. Tectonophysics 574–575, 105–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, JH, Cawood, PA, Du, YS, Huang, H and Hu, LS (2014) A sedimentary archive of tectonic switching from Emeishan Plume to Indosinian orogenic sources in SW China. Journal of the Geological Society, London 171, 269–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yao, JL, Cawood, PA, Shu, LS and Zhao, GC (2019) Jiangnan Orogen, South China: a ˜970–820 Ma Rodinia margin accretionary belt. Earth-Science Reviews 196, 102872. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.05.016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, Y, Huang, XL, Sun, M and He, PL (2018) Petrogenesis of granitoids and associated xenoliths in the early Paleozoic Baoxu and Enping plutons, South China: implications for the evolution of the Wuyi–Yunkai intracontinental orogen. Journal of Asian Earth Science 156, 59–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeng, YF, Liu, WJ, Chen, HD, Zheng, RC, Zhang, JQ, Li, XQ and Jiang, TC (1995) Evolution of sedimentation and tectonic of the Youjiang composite basin, south China. Acta Geologica Sinica 69, 113–24 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhang, BH, Ding, J, Zhang, LK, Zhang, B and Chen, MH (2013) Shrimp zircon U–Pb chronology of the Babu ophiolite in southeastern Yunnan province. Acta Geologica Sinica 87, 1498–509 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhang, RY, Lo, CH, Chung, SL, Grove, M, Omori, S, Iizuka, Y, Liou, JG and Tri, TV (2013) Origin and tectonic implication of ophiolite and eclogite in the Song Ma suture zone between the South China and Indochina blocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 31, 49–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhong, DL, Wu, GY, Ji, JQ, Zhang, Q and Ding, L (1999) Discovery of ophiolite in southeast Yunnan, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 44, 36–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, MF, Zhao, JH, Qi, L, Su, WC and Hu, RZ (2006) Zircon U–Pb geochronology and elemental and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry of Permian mafic rocks in the Funing area, SW China. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 151, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Xia et al. supplementary material

Xia et al. supplementary material 1

Download Xia et al. supplementary material(File)
File 243.7 KB
Supplementary material: File

Xia et al. supplementary material

Xia et al. supplementary material 2

Download Xia et al. supplementary material(File)
File 25.6 KB
Supplementary material: File

Xia et al. supplementary material

Xia et al. supplementary material 3

Download Xia et al. supplementary material(File)
File 49.2 KB
Supplementary material: File

Xia et al. supplementary material

Xia et al. supplementary material 4

Download Xia et al. supplementary material(File)
File 51.7 KB