Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T17:35:49.619Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A protracted Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: an ichnologic ecospace analysis of the Fortunian in Newfoundland, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2019

Brittany A. Laing*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
M. Gabriela Mángano
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Luis A. Buatois
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Guy M. Narbonne
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
Romain C. Gougeon
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Brittany A. Laing, Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The transition between the seemingly disparate Ediacaran and Cambrian faunas is both enigmatic and body-fossil poor. The Chapel Island Formation on the Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada, contains a rich diversity of ichnofossils, providing new insight into the nature of the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition and early Fortunian ecosystems. Five ichnoguilds are recognized within the Treptichnus pedum zone. Ichnologic data are analysed from an ecospace perspective, revealing a more protracted transition between Ediacaran and Cambrian ecosystems. Our analysis documents the appearance of limbs, vertical burrows and uncontroversial equilibrium structures, as well as the retention of ‘other’ feeding styles, such as microbial grazing and chemosynthesis.

Type
Rapid Communication
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alpert, SP (1973) Bergaueria Prantl (Cambrian and Ordovician) a probable Actinian trace fossil. Journal of Paleontology 47, 919–24.Google Scholar
Bambach, RK (1983) Ecospace utilization and guilds in marine communities through the Phanerozoic. In Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities (eds Tevesz, MJS and McCall, PL), pp. 719–47. New York: Plenum Press. Topics in Geobiology no. 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bambach, RK, Bush, AM and Erwin, DH (2007) Autecology and the filling of ecospace: key metazoan radiations. Palaeontology 50, 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobrovskiy, I, Hope, JM, Ivantsov, A,Nettersheim, J, Hallmann, C and Brocks, JJ (2018) Ancient steroids establish the Ediacaan fossil Dickinsonia as one of the earliest animals. Science 361, 1246–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonner, JT (1998) The origins of multicellularity. Integrative Biology Issues News and Reviews 1, 2736.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bromley, RG (1990) Trace Fossils: Biology and Taphonomy. London: Unwin Hyman, 280 pp.Google Scholar
Bromley, RG (1996) Trace Fossils: Biology, Taphonomy and Applications. London: Chapman & Hall, 361 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buatois, LA (2018) Treptichnus pedum and the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary: significance and caveats. Geological Magazine 155, 174–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buatois, LA, Almond, A, Mángano, MG, Jensen, S and Germs, GJ (2018) Sediment disturbance by Ediacaran bulldozers and the roots of the Cambrian explosion. Scientific Reports 8, 19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buatois, LA and Mángano, MG (2003) La icnofauna de la Formación Puncoviscana en el noroeste argentino: la colonización de fondos oceánicos y reconstrucción de paleoambientes y paleoecosistemas de la transición precámbrica-cámbrica. Ameghiniana 40, 103–17.Google Scholar
Buatois, LA and Mángano, MG (2016) Ediacaran ecosystems and the dawn of animals. In The Trace-Fossil Record of Major Evolutionary Events. Vol. 1: Precambrian and Paleozoic (eds Mángano, MG and Buatois, LA), pp. 2772. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Topics in Geobiology no. 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buatois, LA, Mángano, MG, Olea, RA and Wilson, MA (2016) Decoupled evolution of soft and hard substrate communities during the Cambrian Explosion and Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, 6945–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buatois, LA, Narbonne, GM, Mángano, MG, Carmona, NB and Myrow, P (2014) Ediacaran matground ecology persisted into the earliest Cambrian. Nature Communications 5, 15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Budd, GE (2008) The earliest fossil record of the animals and its significance. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363, 1425–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Budd, GE and Jackson, ISC (2016) Ecological innovations in the Cambrian and the origins of the crown group phyla. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 371, 112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burzynski, G, Narbonne, GM, Dececchi, TA and Dalrymple, RW (2017) The ins and outs of Ediacaran discs. Precambrian Research 300, 246–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bush, AM and Bambach, RK (2011) Paleoecologic megatrends in marine metazoa. Annual Review of Earth & Planetary Sciences 39, 241–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bush, AM, Bambach, RK, and Daley, GM (2007) Changes in theoretical ecospace utilization in marine fossil assemblages between the mid-Paleozoic and late Cenozoic. Paleobiology 33, 7697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bush, AM, Bambach, RK and Erwin, DH (2011) Ecospace utilization during the Ediacaran radiation and the Cambrian eco-explosion. In Quantifying the Evolution of Early Life (eds Laflamme, M,Schiffbauer, J and Dornbos, S), pp. 111–33. Dordrecht: . Springer. Topics in Geobiology no. 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carbone, C and Narbonne, GM (2014) When life got smart: the evolution of behavioral complexity through the Ediacaran and early Cambrian of NW Canada. Journal of Paleontology 88, 309–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J-Y (2009) The sudden appearance of diverse animal body plans during the Cambrian explosion. The International Journal of Developmental Biology 53, 733–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clapham, ME and Narbonne, GM (2002) Ediacaran epifaunal tiering. Geology 30, 627–30.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conway Morris, S (1979) The Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian) fauna. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10, 327–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conway Morris, S (2000) The Cambrian “explosion”: slow-fuse or megatonnage? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, 4426–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crimes, TP (1970) Trilobite tracks and other trace fossils from the Upper Cambrian of North Wales. Geological Journal 7, 4767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crimes, PT and Anderson, MM (1985) Trace fossils from Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian strata of southeastern Newfoundland (Canada): temporal and environmental implications. Journal of Paleontology 59, 310–43.Google Scholar
Darroch, SAF, Rahman, IA, Gibson, B, Racicot, RA and Laflamme, M (2017) Inference of facultative mobility in the enigmatic Ediacaran organism Parvancorina . Biology Letters 13, 15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darroch, SAF, Smith, EF, Laflamme, M and Erwin, DH (2018) Ediacaran extinction and Cambrian explosion. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 33, 653–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, EH and Erwin, DH (2006) Gene regulatory networks and the evolution of animal body plans. Science 311, 796800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dechecchi, TA, Narbonne, GM, Greentree, C and Laflamme, M (2017) Relating Ediacaran fronds. Paleobiology 43, 171–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droser, ML and Gehling, JG (2015) The advent of animals: the view from the Ediacaran. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, 4865–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunn, FS, Liu, AG and Donoghue, PCJ (2018) Ediacaran developmental biology. Biological Reviews 93, 914–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erwin, DH (2015) Early metazoan life: divergence, environment and ecology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 370, 115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erwin, D, Valentine, J and Jablonski, D (1997) The origin of animal body plans: recent fossil finds and new insights into animal development are providing fresh perspectives on the riddle of the explosion of animals during the Early Cambrian. American Scientist 85, 126–37.Google Scholar
Fedonkin, MA and Waggoner, BM (1997) The Late Precambrian fossil Kimberella is a mollusc-like bilaterian organism. Nature 388, 868–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fillion, D and Pickerill, RK (1990) Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 7, 119 pp.Google Scholar
Gehling, JG and Droser, M (2018) Ediacaran scavenging as a prelude to predation. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, 213–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gehling, JG, Jensen, S, Droser, ML, Myrow, PM and Narbonne, GM (2001) Burrowing below the basal Cambrian GSSP, Fortune Head, Newfoundland. Geological Magazine 138, 213–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gehling, JG, Runnegar, BN and Droser, ML (2014) Scratch traces of large Ediacara Bilaterian animals. Journal of Paleontology 88, 284–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingras, MG and Pickerill, R and Pemberton, SG (2002) Resin cast of modern burrows provides analogs for composite trace fossils. Palaios 17, 206–11.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gold, DA (2018) Life in changing fluids: a critical appraisal of swimming animals before the Cambrian. Integrative and Comparative Biology 58, 677–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gougeon, RC, Mángano, MG, Buatois, LA, Narbonne, GM and Laing, BA (2018) Early Cambrian origin of the shelf sediment mixed layer. Nature Communications 9, 17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hantsoo, KG, Kaufman, AJ, Cui, H, Plummer, RE and Narbonne, GM (2018) Effects of bioturbation on carbon and sulfur cycling across the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition at the GSSP in Newfoundland, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, 1240–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herringshaw, LG, Callow, RH and McIlroy, D (2017) Engineering the Cambrian explosion: the earliest bioturbators as ecosystem engineers. In Earth System Evolution and Early Life: A Celebration of the Work of Martin Brasier (eds Brasier, AT, McIlroy, AT and McLoughlin, N), pp. 369–82. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 448.Google Scholar
Jensen, S, Droser, ML and Gehling, JG (2005) Trace fossil preservation and the early evolution of animals. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220, 1929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, S, Droser, ML and Gehling, JG (2006) A critical look at the Ediacaran trace fossil record. In Neoproterozoic Geobiology and Paleobiology (eds Xiao, S and Kaufman, AJ), pp. 115–57. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, S and Runnegar, BN (2005) A complex trace fossil from the Spitskop Member (terminal Ediacaran–? Lower Cambrian) of southern Namibia. Geological Magazine 142, 561–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, S, Saylor, BZ, Gehling, JG and Germs, GJ (2000) Complex trace fossils from the terminal Proterozoic of Namibia. Geology 28, 143–6.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, AJ (2018) The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition: a resource-based hypothesis for the rise and fall of the Ediacara Biota. Chemostratigraphy across Major Chronological Boundaries (eds Sial, AN, Gaucher, C, Ramkumar, M and Ferreira, VP), pp. 115–42. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Geophysical Monograph Series 240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kędzierski, M, Uchman, A, Sawlowicz, Z and Briguglio, A (2015) Fossilized bioelectric wire – the trace fossil Trichichnus . Biogeosciences 12, 2301–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kesidis, G, Slater, BJ, Jensen, S and Budd, GE (2019) Caught in the act: priapulid burrowers in early Cambrian substrates. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 286, 18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knope, ML, Heim, NA, Frishkoff, LO and Payne, JL (2015) Limited role of functional differentiation in early diversification of animals. Nature Communications 6, 16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laflamme, M, Darroch, SAF, Tweedt, SM, Peterson, KJ and Erwin, DH (2013) The end of the Ediacara biota: extinction, biotic replacement, or Cheshire Cat? Gondwana Research 23, 558–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laflamme, M, Xiao, S and Kowalewski, M (2009) Osmotrophy in modular Ediacara organisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, 14438–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laing, BA, Buatois, LA, Mángano, MG, Narbonne, GM and Gougeon, RC (2018) Gyrolithes from the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary section in Fortune Head, Newfoundland, Canada: exploring the onset of complex burrowing. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 495, 171–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landing, E (1989) Paleoecology and distribution of the early Cambrian rostroconch Watsonella crosbyi Grabau. Journal of Paleontology 63, 566–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landing, E (1994) Precambrian-Cambrian boundary global stratotype ratified and a new perspective of Cambrian time. Geology 22, 179–82.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landing, E, Narbonne, GM and Myrow, PM (1988) Trace Fossils, Small Shelly Fossils, and the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary. Albany, New York: New York State Museum Bulletin no. 463. 81 pp.Google Scholar
Lenton, TM and Daines, SJ (2018) The effect of marine eukaryote evolution on phosphorus, carbon and oxygen cyclying across the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, 267–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mángano, MG and Buatois, LA (2014) Decoupling of body-plan diversification and ecological structuring during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition: evolutionary and geobiological feedbacks. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281, 19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mángano, MG and Buatois, LA (2017) The Cambrian revolutions: trace-fossil record, timing, links and geobiological impact. Earth-Science Reviews 173, 96108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, CR (2006) Explaining the Cambrian “explosion” of animals. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 34, 355–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBride, EF and Picard, MD (1991) Facies implications of Trichichnus and Chondrites in Turbidites and Hemipelagites, Marnoso-Arenacea Formation (Miocene), Northern Apennines, Italy. PALAOIS 6, 281–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minter, NJ, Buatois, LA and Mángano, MG (2016a) The conceptual and methodological tools of ichnology. In The Trace-Fossil Record of Major Evolutionary Events. Vol. 1: Precambrian and Paleozoic (eds Mángano, MG and Buatois, LA), pp. 126. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Topics in Geobiology no. 39.Google Scholar
Minter, NJ, Buatois, LA, Mángano, MG, Davies, NS, Gibling, MR, Macnaughton, RB and Labandeira, CC (2017) Early bursts of diversification defined the faunal colonization of land. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minter, NJ, Buatois, LA, Mángano, MG, Macnaughton, RB and Davies, NS (2016b) The prelude to continental invasion. In The Trace-Fossil Record of Major Evolutionary Events. Vol. 1: Precambrian and Paleozoic (eds Mángano, MG and Buatois, LA), pp. 157204. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Topics in Geobiology no. 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minter, NJ, Mángano, MG and Caron, JB (2012) Skimming the surface with Burgess Shale arthropod locomotion. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279, 1613–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myrow, PM and Hiscott, RN (1993) Depositional history and sequence stratigraphy of the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary stratotype section, Chapel Island Formation, Southeast Newfoundland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 104, 1335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narbonne, GM, Myrow, PM, Landing, E and Anderson, MM (1987) A candidate stratotype for the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary, Fortune Head, Burin Peninsula, southeastern Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, 1277–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pemberton, GS and Frey, RW (1982) Trace fossil nomenclature and the Planolites-Palaeophycus dilemma. Journal of Paleontology 56, 843–81.Google Scholar
Pemberton, SG, Frey, RW and Bromley, RG (1988) The ichnotaxonomy of Conostichus and other plug-shaped ichnofossils. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, 866–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rahman, IA, Darroch, SAF, Racicot, RA and Laflamme, M (2015) Suspension feeding in the enigmatic Ediacaran organism Tribrachidium demonstrates complexity of Neoproterozoic ecosystems. Science Advances 1, e1500800e808. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1500800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Root, RB (1967) The niche exploitation pattern of the blue-gray gnatcatcher. Ecological Monographs 37, 317–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seilacher, A (1955) Spuren und Lebensweise der Trilobiten. In Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Kambriums in der Salt Range (eds Schindewolf, OH and Seilacher, A), pp. 346–72. Mainz and Wiesbaden: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur.Google Scholar
Seilacher, A (1990) Paleozoic trace fossils. In The Geology of Egypt (ed. Said, R), pp. 649–70. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers.Google Scholar
Seilacher, A (1999) Biomat-related lifestyles in the Precambrian. PALAIOS 14, 8693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seilacher, A, Buatois, LA and Mángano, MG (2005) Trace fossils in the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: behavioral diversification, ecological turnover and environmental shift. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 227, 323–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperling, EA and Stockey, RG (2018) The temporal and environmental context of early animal evolution: considering all the ingredients of an “Explosion”. Integrative and Comparative Biology 58, 605–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sperling, EA and Vinther, J (2010) A placozoan affinity for Dickinsonia and the evolution of late Proterozoic metazoan feeding modes. Evolution & Development 12, 201–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vannier, J (2012) Gut contents as direct indicators for trophic relationships in the Cambrian Marine ecosystem. PLoS ONE 7, e52200. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vannier, J, Calandra, I, Gaillard, C and Zylinska, A (2010) Priapulid worms: pioneer horizontal burrowers at the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. Geology 38, 711–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zacaï, A, Vannier, J and Lerosey-Aubril, R (2016) Reconstructing the diet of a 505-million-year-old arthropod: Sidneyia inexpectans from the Burgess Shale fauna. Arthropod Structure & Development 42, 200–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, X, Shu, D, Han, J, Zhang, Z, Liu, J and Fu, D (2014) Triggers for the Cambrian explosion: hypotheses and problems. Gondwana Research 25, 896909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar