page 338 note * One of the greatest of whom, Sir H. M. Stanley, has just passed away; to the general regret of all from the King downwards. Sir Henry Stanley was a Hon. Corresponding Member of the Institute.—E. H. (Ed.)

page 339 note * On this subject the reader is referred to a paper “On the physical conditions of the Mediterranean Basin, which have given rise to a community of some species of fresh-water species in the Nile and in the Jordan Basins.” Trans. Vict, Inst., vol. xxxi, p. 3 (with map).—E. H. (Ed.)

page 340 note * Moore, J. E. S., The Tanganyika Problem (1903), p. 3.Google Scholar

page 341 note * There appears to be no longer any doubt as to the presence in Lake Victoria Nyanza or medusæ, indistinguishable from those of Lake Tanganyika, and the fact cannot be without its effect upon the acceptance of the view put forward by Mr. J. E. S. Moore that the fauna of Lake Tanganyika differs from that of the other East African lakes in alone possessing evidences of a marine origin On December 1, 1903, Prof. Ray Lankester exhibited at the Zoological Society some medusæ from Victoria Nyanza obtained by Mr. Hobley on August 31, 1903, and sent to London by Sir Charles Eliot. A doubt being raised by some supporters of Mr. Moore's theory as to these medusæ having really come from Lake Victoria and not from Lake Tanganyika, Sir Charles Eliot, in a letter dated Mombasa, December 20, 1903, wrote to Prof. Lankester saying that the medusæ were collected by Mr. Hobley himself, in the Kavirondo Gulf, by the side of which the railway terminus is situated, and that the water was full of them. Mr. Hobley, at the request of Sir Charles Eliot, had endeavoured to study the life-history of the medusæ, but he failed to keep them alive for more than a few days. The specimens sent to London were said by Mr. R. T. Günther to be indistinguishable from the Limnocnida tanganyicae of Lake Tanganyika. It is interesting in this connection to note that the Victoria medusæ were discovered quite independently in the same locality (Kavirondo, in the Kisuma district), and apparently at about the same time of year. According to Globus (January 28, p. 84), M. Ch. Alluaud, on the day of his arrival at Lake Victoria, discovered a marine medusa similar to that of Lake Tanganyika, and communicated an account of his discovery to the Paris Geographical Society on September 19, 1903.–Nature.

page 342 note * Geological Magazine, September, 1903, p. 418.

page 343 note * Geographical Journal for 1903, p. 682 et seq.

page 344 note * Appendix to Part I.

page 344 note † Proceedings Royal Society, 1898, p. 455.

page 345 note * The fact that a species of jelly-fish identical with the one in Tanganyika has recently been discovered in the Victoria Nyanza, but slightly affects the argument as regards the halolimnic gasteropods. We can scarcely doubt that the more mobile organisms have had opportunities of establishing themselves from the great centres of distribution in a way which is denied to the more sedentary molluscs.

page 346 note * Bulletin des services de la Carte Géologique de France (No. 50) vol. viii. (1896–1897) p. 118.

page 346 note † Vol. i (1886), p. 6, Plate I, fig. 1.

page 347 note * Quarterly Journal, Geological Society, vol. 51, pp. 57–92.

page 347 note † Blanford, , Geology and Zoology of Abyssunia, 1870.Google Scholar

page 348 note * Figured on p. 343 of the Tanganyika Problem, and referred to on p. 335.

page 350 note * Géologie et Paléontologie de la region sud de la Province de Constantine, Marseilles, 1862.

page 350 note † Expl. de Carte Geol. Provisoire, par Aubert, circa 1890.

page 350 note † By this name I propose, without prejudice, to indicate the Crystalline complex which is the foundation-stone of the African continent.

page 351 note * “Formations postprimaires du bassin du Congo,” Ann. Soc. Géol. Belge, vol. 21 (1893–4).

page 352 note * Bull. Soc. Géol. France (4) III, No. 3, p. 299 (1903).

page 352 note † December, 1903, p. 569. See also Seward, op. cit. November, 1903, who deduces the age from plant evidence.

page 356 note * Moore, The Tanganyika Problem, p. 94. He gives the altitude of the highest peaks at about 16,500 feet.

page 356 note † Amphibolites are igneous rocks in which hornblende is a chief constituent; diorite is a common variety.—E. H.(Ed.)

page 358 note * The Great Rift Valley, p. 235.

page 359 note * Cornet. “Terrains anciens du Katanga (expédition de 1891—93),” Liège (1897).

Cornet. “Observations sur la géologie du Congo occidental.” Bull. Soc. Géol. Belg., vol. x (1896).

Cornet. “Etudes sur la géologie du Congo occidental.” Op. cit., vol. xi (1897).

Cornet. “Les formations post-primaires du bassin du Congo,” Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., vol. 21 (1893–4).

Barrat. “La géologie du Congo Français.” Ann. des Mines, Livraison d'avril (1895).

page 363 note * There is an article by Stainier (Trans, Inst. Mining Engineers, vol. 15 (1898) p. 491), in which the author, besides summarizing the results of Cornet and others on the solid geology of the Congo basin, gives a very useful abstract of the superficial formations of this immense area. These include (1) Products of the alteration in situ of subsoil rocks; (2) Products of decomposition on slopes under the influence of rainfall; (3) Alluvial deposits in watercourses; and (4) Ancient alluvial deposits. It can readily be understood that the solid geology of the Congo basin is largely masked by some one or other of the above conditions, to say nothing of vast districts under water and swamps.

page 364 note * Chevalier, , quoted in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, vol. 22, p. 569 (November, 1903).Google Scholar

page 365 note * This was Prof. Cornet's view at the time he wrote.

page 365 note † Vol. 59 (May, 1903) p. 266.

page 366 note * The Drummond's beds of Nyassa are described as a small system of grits, schists and limestones with fish (Acrolepis), molluscs (Mutelaoblonga) and plant remains. Other localities are quoted where the Red Felspathic Grits contain remains of vegetation, according to the traveller, Thompson.

page 366 note † It is admitted that the Karoo beds of the Cape constitute a somewhat indefinite system, yet within certain limits their horizon may be accepted as fairly well understood.

page 370 note * Reymond (Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 1885) speaks of certain “schistes fossiliferes,” collected by Giraud in 1881, at some distance from Mpala on Lake Tanganyika, which were said to contain a Cyrena and fish remains (Lepidosteus). This alleged discovery on Tanganyika may be the same as that mentioned by Drummond (Tropical Africa), where he observed that three days north of Nyassa Giraud found in the schists certain fossils which Bertrand referred to Lepidosteus and Cyrena. Moreover, Moore considers that “Drummond's beds” occur at two or three localities on or near Tanganyika, but as he mixes these up with modern lake deposits, it is not very easy to get at his meaning, the more so, since no organic remains are mentioned, other than those of the lake itself. On the whole, I conclude with Cornet, that no good evidence of fossils belonging to the Red Felspathic Grit series has hitherto been found in the Congo basin, of which L. Tanganyika at present forms a part.

page 376 note * It is probable that this is not an absolutely full list.

page 378 note * Since writing the above, I have had an opportunity of inspecting a specimen of Bathanalia through the courtesy of Mr. Da Costa. I am more than ever impressed with the extraordinary resemblance of the spire to that of Amberleya pagoda, but the character of the mouth is so very different, that I conclude the resemblance of the spire to be fortuitous.

page 380 note * I possess a specimen supplied by Sowerby and Fulton, marked “Paramelania coronata,” Bourguignat; which greatly resembles the figures of Nassopsis nassa.